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Table 3 Top 20 herbal ingredients contained in PFS taken by consumers who “are/are not” “dieting for overweight/obesity”a

From: Usage of Plant Food Supplements (PFS) for weight control in six European countries: results from the PlantLIBRA PFS Consumer Survey 2011-2012

Responded “Dieting for ove/obe”b

Did not respond “Dieting for ove/obe”c

Herbal ingredients consumed

PFS (n)

% (CI 95 %)

Herbal ingredients consumed

PFS (n)

% (CI 95 %)

Cynara scolymus (artichoke)

34

7.0 (6.4-7.7)

Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose)

193

2.8 (2.4-3.2)

Foeniculum vulgare (fennel)

17

3.5 (2.3-3.2)

Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo)

191

2.7 (2.3-3.1)

Taraxacum officinale (dandelion)

14

2.9 (2.0-2.8)

Panax ginseng (ginseng)

166

2.4 (2.0-2.8)

Ananas comosus (pineapple)

13

2.7 (1.7-2.5)

Aloe vera (aloe)

143

2.1 (1.7-2.4)

Matricaria chamomilla (Hungarian camomile)

11

2.3 (1.6-2.4)

Cynara scolymus (artichoke)

139

2.0 (1.7-2.3)

Camellia sinensis (green tea)

10

2.1 (1.4-2.1)

Valeriana officinalis (valerian)

120

1.7 (1.4-2.0)

Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)

10

2.1 (1.3-2.0)

Foeniculum vulgare (fennel)

115

1.7 (1.3-2.0)

Fucus vesiculosus (kelp)

9

1.9 (1.1-1.8)

Echinacea purpurea (echinacea)

102

1.5 (1.2-1.8)

Paullinia cupana (guarana)

9

1.9 (1.1-1.8)

Melissa officinalis (lemon balm)

102

1.5 (1.2-1.8)

Vitis vinifera (grapevine)

9

1.9 (1.1-1.7)

Glycine max (soy bean)

98

1.4 (1.1-1.7)

Raphanus sativus (radish)

8

1.7 (1.1-1.7)

Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry)

95

1.4 (1.1-1.7)

Sambucus nigra (elder)

8

1.7 (0.9-1.6)

Zingiber officinale (ginger)

87

1.3 (1.0-1.5)

Carica papaya (papaya)

7

1.5 (0.9-1.5)

Pimpinella anisum (aniseed)

82

1.2 (0.9-1.4)

Citrus limon (lemon)

7

1.5 (0.8-1.4)

Echinacea angustifolia (Echinacea)

79

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

Pimpinella anisum (aniseed)

7

1.5 (0.8-1.4)

Vitis vinifera (grapevine)

78

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

Silybum marianum (milk thistle)

7

1.5 (0.8-1.4)

Camellia sinensis (green tea)

77

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

Smilax officinalis (sarsaparilla)

7

1.5 (0.8-1.4)

Linum usitatissimum (flax)

75

1.1 (0.8-1.3)

Asparagus officinalis (asparagus)

6

1.2 (0.8-1.4)

Passiflora incarnate (passionflower)

75

1.1 (0.8-1.3)

Equisetum spec. (horsetail & scouring rush)

6

1.2 (0.8-1.3)

Harpagophytum p. (devil’s claw)

74

1.1 (0.8-1.3)

Cassia senna (senna)

5

1.0 (0.8-1.3)

Allium sativum (garlic)

73

1.1 (0.8-1.3)

  1. aQuestion asked: Are you following any special diet(s) which would cause you to avoid certain foods? (mark all that apply) – sixteen possible options were available; bSubsample 2; at least one of the options chosen included “overweight/obesity”. cNeither of the options chosen included “overweight/obesity”