Table 4 Phenotypes of hepatotoxicity reported with the corresponding CAM implicated and outcome of AE
Phenotypes of DILI a | No. of cases, n (%) | Type of CAM implicated (n) | Outcome of AE (n) |
|---|---|---|---|
Acute hepatitis | 34 (59.6) | TCM (22), Health supplements (7), Other traditional medicines (5) | Death (2), Not recovered (21), Recovered (7), Uncertain outcome (4) |
Enzyme elevations without jaundice | 9 (15.8) | TCM (6), Health supplements (3) | Not recovered (5), Recovered (2), Uncertain outcome (2) |
Acute hepatic necrosis | 5 (8.8) | TCM (4), Health supplements (1) | Death (1), Recovered (1) Not recovered (3) |
Cholestatic hepatitis | 3 (5.3) | TCM (2), Health supplements (1) | Death (1), Not recovered (1), Recovered (1) |
Mixed hepatocellular-cholestatic hepatitis | 3 (5.3) | TCM (1), Health supplements (1), Other traditional medicines (1) | Not recovered (2), Recovered (1) |
Chronic hepatitis | 2 (3.5) | Health supplements (2) | Death (1), Not recovered (1) |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver | 1 (1.8) | Health supplements (1) | Uncertain outcome (1) |