Fig. 6From: Anti-inflammatory effects of Viola yedoensis and the application of cell extraction methods for investigating bioactive constituents in macrophagesEffects of VYE on the phosphorylation of (a) ERK, (b) p38, and (c) JNK MAPKs in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Cells were treated with VYE for 1 h and challenged with LPS for 30 min. Proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. ERK, p38 and JNK were used as controls for their phosphorylated forms. The experiment was repeated three times independently, and similar results were obtainedBack to article page