Table 2 The 20 Most Highly-Cited Peer-Reviewed Articles for Five Commonly-Used Unconventional Medicine-Related Search Terms

Complementary and Alternative

N = 2814

Articles excluded from sample: None

1. Barnes, P. M., Powell-Griner, E., McFann, K., & Nahin, R. L. (2004). Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002. In Seminars in Integrative Medicine, 2(2), 54–71. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders.

834

2. Ernst, E. & Cassileth, B. R. (1998). The prevalence of complementary/alternative medicine in cancer. Cancer, 83(4), 777–782.

601

3. Richardson, M. A., Sanders, T., Palmer, J. L., Greisinger, A., & Singletary, S. E. (2000). Complementary/alternative medicine use in a comprehensive cancer center and the implications for oncology. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(13), 2505–2514.

591

4. Tindle, H. A., Davis, R. B., Phillips, R. S., & Eisenberg, D. M. (2005). Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults: 1997–2002. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 11(1), 42–49.

525

5. Kronenberg, F., & Fugh-Berman, A. (2002). Complementary and alternative medicine for menopausal symptoms: a review of randomized, controlled trials. Annals of Internal Medicine, 137(10), 805–813.

372

6. Molassiotis, A., Fernadez-Ortega, P., Pud, D., Ozden, G., Scott, J. A., Panteli, V., … & Patiraki, E. (2005). Use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients: A European survey. Annals of Oncology, 16(4), 655–663.

359

7. Barnes, P. M., Bloom, B., & Nahin, R. L. (2008). Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. National Health Statistics Reports, (12), 1–23.

327

8. Boon, H., Stewart, M., Kennard, M. A., Gray, R., Sawka, C., Brown, J. B., … & Haines-Kamka, T. (2000). Use of complementary/alternative medicine by breast cancer survivors in Ontario: Prevalence and perceptions. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(13), 2515–2521.

300

9. Wetzel, M. S., Eisenberg, D. M., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (1998). Courses involving complementary and alternative medicine at US medical schools. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(9), 784–787.

292

10. Ernst, E. (2000). Prevalence of use of complementary/alternative medicine: A systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(2), 258–266.

285

11. Ni, H., Simile, C., & Hardy, A. M. (2002). Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine by United States adults: Results from the 1999 national health interview survey. Medical Care, 40(4), 353–358.

283

12. Kessler, R. C., Soukup, J., Davis, R. B., Foster, D. F., Wilkey, S. A., Van Rompay, M. I., & Eisenberg, D. M. (2001). The use of complementary and alternative therapies to treat anxiety and depression in the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(2), 289–294.

264

13. Astin, J. A., Marie, A., Pelletier, K. R., Hansen, E., & Haskell, W. L. (1998). A review of the incorporation of complementary and alternative medicine by mainstream physicians. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(21), 2303–2310.

246

14. MacLennan, A. H. S. P., Myers, S., & Taylor, A. (2006). The continuing use of complementary and alternative medicine in South Australia: costs and beliefs in 2004. Medical Journal of Australia, 184(1), 27–31.

220

15. Xue, C. C., Zhang, A. L., Lin, V., Da Costa, C., & Story, D. F. (2007). Complementary and alternative medicine use in Australia: a national population-based survey. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13(6), 643–650.

208

16. Harris, P., & Rees, R. (2000). The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use among the general population: a systematic review of the literature. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 8(2), 88–96.

202

17. Astin, J. A., Pelletier, K. R., Marie, A., & Haskell, W. L. (2000). Complementary and alternative medicine use among elderly persons: One-year analysis of a Blue Shield Medicare supplement. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 55(1), M4-M9.

188

18. Furnham, A., & Forey, J. (1994). The attitudes, behaviors and beliefs of patients of conventional vs. complementary (alternative) medicine. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50(3), 458–469.

172

19. Fairfield, K. M., Eisenberg, D. M., Davis, R. B., Libman, H., & Phillips, R. S. (1998). Patterns of use, expenditures, and perceived efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies in HIV-infected patients. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(20), 2257–2264.

162

20. Söllner, W., Maislinger, S., DeVries, A., Steixner, E., Rumpold, G., & Lukas, P. (2000). Use of complementary and alternative medicine by cancer patients is not associated with perceived distress or poor compliance with standard treatment but with active coping behavior. Cancer, 89(4), 873–880.

159

Complementary

N = 1758

Articles excluded from sample: #16

1. Fisher, P., & Ward, A. (1994). Medicine in Europe: Complementary medicine in Europe. British Medical Journal, 309(6947), 107–111.

495

2. Thomas, K. J., Nicholl, J. P., & Coleman, P. (2001). Use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England: A population based survey. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 9(1), 2–11.

449

3. Eisenberg, D. M., Kessler, R. C., Van Rompay, M. I., Kaptchuk, T. J., Wilkey, S. A., Appel, S., & Davis, R. B. (2001). Perceptions about complementary therapies relative to conventional therapies among adults who use both: Results from a national survey. Annals of Internal Medicine, 135(5), 344–351.

399

4. Ernst, E., & White, A. (2000). The BBC survey of complementary medicine use in the UK. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 8(1), 32–36.

303

5. Vincent, C., & Furnham, A. (1996). Why do patients turn to complementary medicine? An empirical study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(1), 37–48.

284

6. Downer, S. M., Cody, M. M., McCluskey, P., Wilson, P. D., Arnott, S. J., Lister, T. A., & Slevin, M. L. (1994). Pursuit and practice of complementary therapies by cancer patients receiving conventional treatment. British Medical Journal, 309(6947), 86–89.

249

7. Rao, J. K., Mihaliak, K., Kroenke, K., Bradley, J., Tierney, W. M., & Weinberger, M. (1999). Use of complementary therapies for arthritis among patients of rheumatologists. Annals of Internal Medicine, 131(6), 409–416.

228

8. Zollman, C., & Vickers, A. (1999). ABC of complementary medicine: What is complementary medicine? British Medical Journal, 319(7211), 693.

156

9. Paltiel, O., Avitzour, M., Peretz, T., Cherny, N., Kaduri, L., Pfeffer, R. M., … & Soskolne, V. (2001). Determinants of the use of complementary therapies by patients with cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19(9), 2439–2448.

146

10. Zollman, C., & Vickers, A. (1999). ABC of complementary medicine: Users and practitioners of complementary medicine. British Medical Journal, 319(7213), 836.

145

11. Morris, K. T., Johnson, N., Homer, L., & Walts, D. (2000). A comparison of complementary therapy use between breast cancer patients and patients with other primary tumor sites. The American Journal of Surgery, 179(5), 407–411.

141

12. Goldbeck-Wood, S., Dorozynski, A., Lie, L. G., Yamauchi, M., Zinn, C., Josefson, D., & Ingram, M. (1996). Complementary medicine is booming worldwide. British Medical Journal, 313(7050), 131–133.

134

13. Sirois, F. M., & Gick, M. L. (2002). An investigation of the health beliefs and motivations of complementary medicine clients. Social Science & Medicine, 55(6), 1025–1037.

132

14. Sparber, A., Bauer, L., Curt, G., Eisenberg, D., Levin, T., Parks, S., … & Wootton, J. (2000). Use of complementary medicine by adult patients participating in cancer clinical trials. Oncology Nursing Forum, 27(4), 623–630.

132

15. Pirotta, M. V., Cohen, M. M., Kotsirilos, V., & Farish, S. J. (2000). Complementary therapies: Have they become accepted in general practice? The Medical Journal of Australia, 172(3), 105–109.

125

16. Vas, J., Méndez, C., Perea-Milla, E., Vega, E., Dolores Panadero, M., León, J. M., … & Jurado, R. (2004). Acupuncture as a complementary therapy to the pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 329(7476), 1216–1220.

117

17. Ernst, E., Resch, K. L., & White, A. R. (1995). Complementary medicine: What physicians think of it: A meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 155(22), 2405–2408.

116

18. Ernst, E., Rand, J. I., & Stevinson, C. (1998). Complementary therapies for depression: An overview. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(11), 1026–1032.

104

19. Fulder, S., & Munro, R. (1985). Complementary medicine in the United Kingdom: Patients, practitioners, and consultations. The Lancet, 326(8454), 542–545.

104

20. Nam, R. K., Fleshner, N., Rakovitch, E., Klotz, L., Trachtenberg, J., Choo, R., … & Danjoux, C. (1999). Prevalence and patterns of the use of complementary therapies among prostate cancer patients: an epidemiological analysis. The Journal of Urology, 161(5), 1521–1524.

103

Alternative

N = 1708

Articles excluded from sample: #4, 15, 17, 19

1. Eisenberg, D. M., Davis, R. B., Ettner, S. L., Appel, S., Wilkey, S., Van Rompay, M., & Kessler, R. C. (1998). Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: Results of a follow-up national survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1569–1575.

4589

2. Astin, J. A. (1998). Why patients use alternative medicine: Results of a national study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(19), 1548–1553.

1729

3. MacLennan, A. H., Wilson, D. H., & Taylor, A. W. (1996). Prevalence and cost of alternative medicine in Australia. The Lancet, 347(9001), 569–573.

667

4. McNeil, B. J., Pauker, S. G., Sox Jr, H. C., & Tversky, A. (1982). On the elicitation of preferences for alternative therapies. New England Journal of Medicine, 306(21), 1259–1262.

513

5. Angell, M., & Kassirer, J. P. (1998). Alternative medicine-the risks of untested and unregulated remedies. New England Journal of Medicine, 339(12), 839–841.

475

6. Burstein, H. J., Gelber, S., Guadagnoli, E., & Weeks, J. C. (1999). Use of alternative medicine by women with early-stage breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 340(22), 1733–1739.

441

7. MacLennan, A. H., Wilson, D. H., & Taylor, A. W. (2002). The escalating cost and prevalence of alternative medicine. Preventive Medicine, 35(2), 166–173.

308

8. Spigelblatt, L., Laîné-Ammara, G., Pless, I. B., & Guyver, A. (1994). The use of alternative medicine by children. Pediatrics, 94(6), 811–814.

282

9. Lee, M. M., Lin, S. S., Wrensch, M. R., Adler, S. R., & Eisenberg, D. (2000). Alternative therapies used by women with breast cancer in four ethnic populations. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92(1), 42–47.

256

10. Kaptchuk, T. J. (2002). The placebo effect in alternative medicine: Can the performance of a healing ritual have clinical significance? Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(11), 817–825.

254

11. Heck, A. M., Dewitt, B. A., & Lukes, A. L. (2000). Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 57(13), 1221–1227.

232

12. Paramore, L. C. (1997). Use of alternative therapies: Estimates from the 1994 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation national access to care survey. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 13(2), 83–89.

205

13. Kelner, M., & Wellman, B. (1997). Health care and consumer choice: Medical and alternative therapies. Social Science & Medicine, 45(2), 203–212.

188

14. Fontanarosa, P. B., & Lundberg, G. D. (1998). Alternative medicine meets science. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1618–1619.

187

15. Das, D. K., & Maulik, N. (2006). Resveratrol in cardioprotection: A therapeutic promise of alternative medicine. Molecular Interventions, 6(1), 36.

157

16. Newton, K. M., Buist, D. S., Keenan, N. L., Anderson, L. A., & LaCroix, A. Z. (2002). Use of alternative therapies for menopause symptoms: Results of a population-based survey. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 100(1), 18–25.

150

17. Trenk, D., Stone, G. W., Gawaz, M., Kastrati, A., Angiolillo, D. J., Müller, U., … & Neumann, F. J. (2012). A randomized trial of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with high platelet reactivity on clopidogrel after elective percutaneous coronary intervention with implantation of drug-eluting stents: Results of the TRIGGER-PCI (Testing Platelet Reactivity In Patients Undergoing Elective Stent Placement on Clopidogrel to Guide Alternative Therapy With Prasugrel) study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 59(24), 2159–2164.

149

18. Ernst, E., & Pittler, M. H. (1997). Alternative therapy bias. Nature, 385(6616), 480.

147

19. Meeker, W. C., & Haldeman, S. (2002). Chiropractic: A profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(3), 216–227.

145

20. Unützer, J., Klap, R., Sturm, R., Young, A. S., Marmon, T., Shatkin, J., & Wells, K. B. (2000). Mental disorders and the use of alternative medicine: Results from a national survey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11).

144

Integrated/ Integrative

N = 455

Articles excluded from sample: #7, 9, 12, 14, 15

1. Bell, I. R., Caspi, O., Schwartz, G. E., Grant, K. L., Gaudet, T. W., Rychener, D., … & Weil, A. (2002). Integrative medicine and systemic outcomes research: Issues in the emergence of a new model for primary health care. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162(2), 133–140.

146

2. Kligler, B., Maizes, V., Schachter, S., Park, C. M., Gaudet, T., Benn, R., … & Remen, R. N. (2004). Core competencies in integrative medicine for medical school curricula: A proposal. Academic Medicine, 79(6), 521–531.

91

3. Snyderman, R., & Weil, A. T. (2002). Integrative medicine: Bringing medicine back to its roots. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162(4), 395–397.

76

4. Girman, A., Lee, R., & Kligler, B. (2003). An integrative medicine approach to premenstrual syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(5), S56-S65.

51

5. Wang, J., & Xiong, X. (2012). Current situation and perspectives of clinical study in integrative medicine in China. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

47

6. Xu, H., & Chen, K. (2008). Integrative medicine: The experience from China. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(1), 3–7.

41

7. Scullin, C., Scott, M. G., Hogg, A., & McElnay, J. C. (2007). An innovative approach to integrated medicines management. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 13(5), 781–788.

41

8. Edelman, D., Oddone, E. Z., Liebowitz, R. S., Yancy, W. S., Olsen, M. K., Jeffreys, A. S., … & Gaudet, T. W. (2006). A multidimensional integrative medicine intervention to improve cardiovascular risk. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(7), 728–734.

41

9. Hellström, L. M., Bondesson, Å., Höglund, P., Midlöv, P., Holmdahl, L., Rickhag, E., & Eriksson, T. (2011). Impact of the Lund Integrated Medicines Management (LIMM) model on medication appropriateness and drug-related hospital revisits. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 67(7), 741–752.

39

10. Maizes, V., Rakel, D., & Niemiec, C. (2009). Integrative medicine and patient-centered care. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 5(5), 277–289.

39

11. Sundberg, T., Halpin, J., Warenmark, A., & Falkenberg, T. (2007). Towards a model for integrative medicine in Swedish primary care. BMC Health Services Research, 7(1), 107.

38

12. Kidd, P. M. (2002). Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part 1: The knowledge base. Alternative Medicine Review, 7(4), 292–316.

38

13. Gaudet, T. W. (1998). Integrative medicine: The evolution of a new approach to medicine and to medical education. Integrative Medicine, 1(2), 67–73.

38

14. Kidd, P. M. (2002). Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part II: Medical management. Alternative Medicine Review, 7(6), 472–499.

37

15. Bergkvist, A., Midlöv, P., Höglund, P., Larsson, L., Bondesson, Å., & Eriksson, T. (2009). Improved quality in the hospital discharge summary reduces medication errors—LIMM: Landskrona Integrated Medicines Management. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 65(10), 1037–1046.

35

16. Hsiao, A. F., Ryan, G. W., Hays, R. D., Coulter, I. D., Andersen, R. M., & Wenger, N. S. (2006). Variations in provider conceptions of integrative medicine. Social Science & Medicine, 62(12), 2973–2987.

34

17. Weil, A. (2000). The significance of integrative medicine for the future of medical education. American Journal of Medicine, 108(5), 441–443.

31

18. Lu, A. P., & Chen, K. J. (2009). Integrative medicine in clinical practice: From pattern differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine to disease treatment. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15(2), 152–152.

29

19. Bell, I. R., Cunningham, V., Caspi, O., Meek, P., & Ferro, L. (2004). Development and validation of a new global well-being outcomes rating scale for integrative medicine research. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 4(1), 1–10.

29

20. Wang, J., Yao, K., Yang, X., Liu, W., Feng, B., Ma, J., … & Xiong, X. (2012). Chinese patent medicine liu wei di huang wan combined with antihypertensive drugs, a new integrative medicine therapy, for the treatment of essential hypertension: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

28

Unconventional

N = 103

Articles excluded from sample: None

1. Eisenberg, D. M., Kessler, R. C., Foster, C., Norlock, F. E., Calkins, D. R., & Delbanco, T. L. (1993). Unconventional medicine in the United States--prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. New England Journal of Medicine, 328(4), 246–252.

2788

2. Druss, B. G., & Rosenheck, R. A. (1999). Association between use of unconventional therapies and conventional medical services. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(7), 651–656.

310

3. Kelly, K. M., Jacobson, J. S., Kennedy, D. D., Braudt, S. M., Mallick, M., & Weiner, M. A. (2000). Use of unconventional therapies by children with cancer at an urban medical center. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 22(5), 412–416.

109

4. Menniti-Ippolito, F., Gargiulo, L., Bologna, E., Forcella, E., & Raschetti, R. (2002). Use of unconventional medicine in Italy: A nation-wide survey. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 58(1), 61–64.

104

5. Ernst, E. (2003). Serious adverse effects of unconventional therapies for children and adolescents: A systematic review of recent evidence. European Journal of Pediatrics, 162(2), 72–80.

100

6. Eidinger, R. N., & Schapira, D. V. (1984). Cancer patients' insight into their treatment, prognosis, and unconventional therapies. Cancer, 53(12), 2736–2740.

88

7. Vickers, A., Cassileth, B., Ernst, E., Fisher, P., Goldman, P., Jonas, W., … & Silagy, C. (1997). How should we research unconventional therapies? A panel report from the Conference on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Methodology, National Institutes of Health. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 13(1), 111–121.

77

8. Vickers, A. J., & Cassileth, B. R. (2001). Unconventional therapies for cancer and cancer-related symptoms. The Lancet Oncology, 2(4), 226–232.

75

9. Nayak, S., Matheis, R. J., Schoenberger, N. E., & Shiflett, S. C. (2003). Use of unconventional therapies by individuals with multiple sclerosis. Clinical Rehabilitation, 17(2), 181–191.

74

10. Moser, G., Tillinger, W., Sachs, G., Maier-Dobersberger, T., Wyatt, J., Vogelsang, H., … & Gangl, A. (1996). Relationship between the use of unconventional therapies and disease-related concerns: A study of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40(5), 503–509.

67

11. Campion, E. W. (1993). Why unconventional medicine? New England Journal of Medicine, 328(4), 282.

53

12. Dalen, J. E. (1998). Conventional and unconventional medicine: Can they be integrated? Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(20), 2179–2181.

48

13. Bold, J., & Leis, A. (2001). Unconventional therapy use among children with cancer in Saskatchewan. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 18(1), 16–25.

46

14. Resch, K. I., Ernst, E., & Garrow, J. (2000). A randomized controlled study of reviewer bias against an unconventional therapy. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 93(4), 164–167.

43

15. Blumberg, D. L., Grant, W. D., Hendricks, S. R., Kamps, C. A., & Dewan, M. J. (1995). The physician and unconventional medicine. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 1(3), 31–35.

43

16. Gaus, W., & Hoegel, J. (1995). Studies on the efficacy of unconventional therapies. Problems and designs. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 45(1), 88–92.

40

17. Lewith, G. T., & Watkins, A. D. (1996). Unconventional therapies in asthma: An overview. Allergy, 51(11), 761–769.

38

18. Kappauf, H., Leykauf-Ammon, D., Bruntsch, U., Horneber, M., Kaiser, G., Büschel, G., & Gallmeier, W. M. (2000). Use of and attitudes held towards unconventional medicine by patients in a department of internal medicine/oncology and haematology. Supportive Care in Cancer, 8(4), 314–322.

37

19. Kaegi, E. (1998). Unconventional therapies for cancer: 1. Essiac. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 158(7), 897–902.

37

20. Kaegi, E. (1998). Unconventional therapies for cancer: 2. Green tea. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 158(8), 1033.

33