The combination of Artemisia princeps Pamp, Leonurus japonicas Houtt, and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit attenuates the exacerbation of energy, lipid, and glucose by increasing hepatic PGC-1α expression in estrogen-deficient rats

Table 5 Triglyceride storage in the liver, gastrocnemius muscle and quadriceps muscles

	Control (n = 12)	APP (n = 12)	APP + LJH (n = 12)	APP + LJH + GJE(n = 12)	Positive-control (n = 12)
Liver (mg/g tissues)	0.86 ± 0.10^a	0.75 ± 0.09^b	0.74 ± 0.07^b	0.61 ± 0.09^c	0.57 ± 0.08^c
Gastrocnemius muscles (mg/g tissues)	1.25 ± 0.21^a	1.18 ± 0.18^ab	1.10 ± 0.22^ab	1.02 ± 0.17^b	0.93 ± 0.17^b
Quadriceps muscles (mg/g tissues)	2.62 ± 0.39^a	2.24 ± 0.36^b	2.18 ± 0.32^bc	2.01 ± 0.28^c	1.93 ± 0.29^c

Control, OVX rats fed a high-fat diet (OVX-CON) with 2 % dextrin; APP, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Artemisia princeps Pamp water extract; LJH, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Leonurus japonicas Houtt water extract; GJE, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Gardenia jasminoides Ellis water extract; positive-control, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol + 2 % dextrose. Values are means ± SD
^a,b,c Significantly different among all groups by Tukey test at p < 0.05

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