Verbesina encelioides: cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative DNA damage in human liver cancer (HepG2) cell line

Table 1 V. encelioides (VE) extract induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells after 24 h of exposure, analyzed using different parameters of alkaline comet assay

Groups	Olive tail moment (Arbitrary unit)	Tail length (μm)	Tail intensity (%)
Control	0.38 ± 0.02	34.96 ± 3.87	3.75 ± 0.38
VE extract (μg/ml)
250	1.09 ± 0.09^*	43.50 ± 2.45^*	7.24 ± 0.98^*
500	1.19 ± 0.07^*	48.55 ± 3.12^*	7.84 ± 0.87^*
1000	1.23 ± 0.14^*	53.26 ± 4.56^*	8.55 ± 0.99^*

Data represent the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments done in duplicate. *p < 0.05 vs. control. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. The level of statistical significance chosen was p < 0.05, unless otherwise stated

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