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Table 5 Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for ATM and CAM use, bivariate and multivariate analyses

From: Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use by HIV patients a decade after public sector antiretroviral therapy roll out in South Africa: a cross sectional study

Variable

Use of ATM prior to ART(yes = 382,No = 1365)

Use of ATM post ART(Yes = 142, No = 1602)

Use of CAM post ART(Yes = 37, No = 1710)

 

Bivariate

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Multivariable

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Bivariate

OR (95 % CI)

P-value

Multivariate

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Bivariate

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Multivariable OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Gender

 Male

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Female

0.61 (0.48,0.78)

<0.001

0.69 (0.53,0.89)

0.005

0.72 (0.5,1.04)

0.079

0.76 (0.52,1.11)

0.152

1.11 (0.52,2.37)

0.788

1.17 (0.54,2.54)

0.683

Race

 other

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

0.005

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Black

3.17 (1.26,7.98)

0.014

3.87 (1.43,10.49)

0.008

1.71 (0.53,5.54)

0.369

1.91 (0.53,6.84)

0.323

1.29 (0.17,9.57)

0.804

0.75 (0.08,7.44)

0.806

Age

  ≤ 30

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

  > 30

1 (0.75,1.33)

0.985

0.88 (0.65,1.2)

0.427

1.09 (0.7,1.72)

0.693

1.02 (0.64,1.6)

0.947

0.72 (0.33,1.53)

0.389

0.66 (0.31,1.43)

0.293

Marital status

 Not in union

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Married or living with partner

1 (1,1)

0.766

1 (1,1)

0.776

1 (1,1)

0.453

1 (1,1)

0.258

1.34 (0.64,2.8)

0.431

1 (0.96,1.04)

0.868

Mother tongue

 Non-Zulu

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Zulu

0.98 (0.69,1.39)

0.91

0.71 (0.48,1.05)

0.089

0.99 (0.58,1.68)

0.977

0.83 (0.47,1.49)

0.539

1.54 (0.47,5.06)

0.477

1.62 (0.41,6.32)

0.488

 Education

Bivariate

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Multivariable

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Bivariate

OR (95 % CI)

P-value

Multivariate

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Bivariate

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Multivariable OR (95 % CI)

p-value

 Primary

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Some high school

0.75 (0.55,1.01)

0.057

0.74 (0.54,1.02)

0.064

0.79 (0.5,1.24)

0.303

0.83 (0.52,1.34)

0.45

1.44 (0.56,3.65)

0.447

1.41 (0.55,3.62)

0.480

 Grade 12

0.63 (0.46,0.87)

0.005

0.61 (0.43,0.86)

0.005

0.86 (0.54,1.38)

0.543

0.92 (0.56,1.52)

0.739

0.89 (0.31,2.53)

0.828

0.85 (0.29,2.48)

0.762

 Higher certificate, diploma, degree

0.5 (0.3,0.82)

0.006

0.46 (0.27,0.78)

0.004

0.6 (0.28,1.29)

0.189

0.67 (0.31,1.47)

0.318

1.49 (0.41,5.35)

0.542

1.49 (0.4,5.48)

0.551

Income

 None

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

  ≤ R100 000

1.78 (1.4,2.28)

<0.001

1.92 (1.49,2.49)

<0.001

1.48 (1.03,2.11)

0.032

1.44 (0.99,2.09)

0.054

1.49 (0.76,2.93)

0.243

1.58 (0.79,3.16)

0.199

  > R 100 000

2.73 (1.79,4.16)

<0.001

3.38 (2.18,5.25)

<0.001

0.75 (0.32,1.77)

0.512

0.85 (0.36,2.03)

0.714

0.98 (0.23,4.28)

0.982

1.07 (0.24,4.77)

0.925

Religion

 Other

1 (ref)

<0.001

1 (ref)

<0.001

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Christian

0.46 (0.36,0.59)

<0.001

0.49 (0.37,0.64)

<0.001

0.46 (0.32,0.66)

<0.001

0.52 (0.35,0.75)

<0.001

0.54 (0.27,1.07)

0.076

0.55 (0.27,1.1)

0.092