The utilization of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine for non-communicable diseases and mental disorders in health care patients in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam

Table 5 Associations with different types of TCAM use

Variable	TCAM provider	TCAM products	TCAM self-help
	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95 % CI)^a,b	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95 % CI)^a,c	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95 % CI)^a,d
Sex
Female		1.00	1.00
Male		0.70 (0.61–0.81)***	0.57 (0.49–0.66)***
Age (in years)
18–45			1.00
46–60			1.43 (1.21–1.69)***
61–101	1.19 (1.02–1.40)*		2.11 (1.75–2.55)***
Geolocality
Rural	1.00	1.00	1.00
Urban	0.54 (0.46–0.64)***	1.30 (1.14–1.49)***	0.53 0.46–0.60)***
Education
No formal education			1.00
Grade1–5			1.30 (1.05–1.60)*
Grade 6–12			1.28 (1.02–1.59)*
Postsecondary			2.07 (1.57–2.73)***
Country
Cambodia		1.00	1.00
Thailand		0.57 (0.48–0.67)***	0.75 (0.63–0.90)**
Vietnam		1.54 (1.31–1.81)***	0.31 (0.25–0.38)***
Chronic conditions
One	1.00	1.00	1.00
Two	1.26 (1.05–1.51)*	1.36 (1.16–1.59)***	–
Three or more	2.16 (1.74–2.55)***	1.63 (1.37–1.95)***	1.14 (0.99–1.32)

^a Backward stepwise conditional LR selection of variables
^b For Hosmer and Lemeshow Chi-square 4.26, df 8, 0.833; Cox and Snell R² 0.04; Nagelkerke R² 0.06
^c For Hosmer and Lemeshow Chi-square 33.40, df 8, 0.001; Cox and Snell R² 0.05; Nagelkerke R² 0.06
^d For Hosmer and Lemeshow Chi-square 19.50, df 8, 0.012; Cox and Snell R² 0.10; Nagelkerke R² 0.12
***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05

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