Table 3 The effects of CCGG supplementation on serum biochemical parameters in HED-fed rats

TG (mg/dL)

40 ± 9^a

73 ± 24^b

46 ± 12^a

44 ± 8^a

42 ± 8^a

FFA (mmol/L)

1.05 ± 0.14^ab

1.35 ± 0.06^d

1.18 ± 0.11^c

1.15 ± 0.12^bc

1.01 ± 0.15^a

TC (mg/dL)

43 ± 8^a

62 ± 10^c

51 ± 7^b

48 ± 8^ab

46 ± 7^ab

LDL-C (mg/dL)

4.7 ± 0.7^a

8.0 ± 1.1^b

5.5 ± 1.0^a

5.5 ± 1.1^a

5.4 ± 1.4^a

HDL-C (mg/dL)

7.4 ± 0.9^c

5.4 ± 1.1^a

6.6 ± 0.8^b

6.7 ± 0.7^bc

7.3 ± 1.3^bc

LDL-C/HDL-C

0.63 ± 0.11^a

1.55 ± 0.37^c

0.86 ± 0.21^b

0.83 ± 0.20^ab

0.76 ± 0.26^ab

UA (mg/dL)

1.04 ± 0.22^a

1.08 ± 0.18^a

1.03 ± 0.20^a

1.03 ± 0.17^a

0.98 ± 0.23^a

CREA (mg/dL)

0.39 ± 0.03^a

0.40 ± 0.05^a

0.39 ± 0.03^a

0.39 ± 0.05^a

0.38 ± 0.05^a

BUN (mg/dL)

8.20 ± 0.75^a

8.68 ± 1.26^a

8.08 ± 1.50^a

8.00 ± 0.93^a

8.03 ± 1.23^a

Na (mmol/L)

141 ± 2^a

140 ± 1^a

141 ± 1^a

141 ± 2^a

141 ± 1^a

K (mmol/L)

4.3 ± 0.3^a

4.2 ± 0.3^a

4.3 ± 0.3^a

4.3 ± 0.2^a

4.2 ± 0.4^a

Ketone bodies

0/12

12/12^*

8/12^*,†

3/12^†

1/12^†