Table 3 Comparison of the percentage change in HRV measures and pulse harmonics 30 min after resting or TCC exercise between the control and TCC groups

%mRRI (%)

8.7 (5.8 − 14.9)

2.2 (-0.5 − 6.3)

<0.001

%HR (%)

−8.0 (-13.0 − -5.6)

−2.2 (-5.9 − 0.5)

<0.001

%SD_RR (%)

14.1 (-1.1 − 27.5)

1.0 (-6.7 − 6.8)

0.014

%CV_RR (%)

2.9 (-4.5 − 15.6)

−0.5 (-8.7 − 6.5)

0.206

%TP (%)

25.7 (-4.3 − 80.8)

2.9 (-22.1 − 29.1)

0.010

%ULFP (%)

−72.4 (-88.6 − -42.2)

8.7 (-34.7 − 164.1)

<0.001

%VLFP (%)

30.7 (-5.7 − 97.4)

−17.4 (-35.8 − 32.3)

0.016

%LFP (%)

29.1 (3.4 − 66.4)

4.5 (-28.5 − 65.3)

0.077

%HFP (%)

29.7 (5.7 − 65.6)

16.2 (-18.0 − 70.6)

0.137

%nVLFP (%)

4.9 (-11.5 − 18.6)

1.8 (-24.4 − 26.5)

0.579

%nLFP (%)

−3.0 (-11.3 − 18.7)

34.3 (-3.5 − 195.7)

0.018

%nHFP (%)

0.6 (-10.7 − 11.6)

−8.8 (-38.4 − 25.2)

0.258

%LHR (%)

−4.8 (-18.0 − 36.4)

−4.5 (-35.0 − 26.8)

0.340

%TPp

−32.9 (-72.7 − 272.6)

17.9 (-21.0 − 39.2)

0.579

%Ph1

−39.4 (-78.4 − 262.7)

17.3 (-18.1 − 54.0)

0.186

%Ph2

−59.6 (-79.5 − 21.5)

15.3 (-22.4 − 29.4)

0.030

%Ph3

−27.1 (-70.0 − 71.3)

16.2 (-14.9 − 72.2)

0.176

%Ph4

−31.4 (-76.0 − 131.4)

26.1 (-40.8 − 65.6)

0.217

%Ph5

−11.3 (-63.3 − 165.7)

0.3 (-30.7 − 56.9)

0.620

%Ph6

7.3 (-52.6 − 526.3)

22.1 (-27.6 − 108.8)

0.842

%Ph7

−18.3 (-53.0 − 172.9)

1.7 (-33.4 − 85.0)

0.877

%Ph8

20.6 (-59.2 − 376.4)

2.0 (-43.5 − 78.2)

0.355

%nPh1

−17.8 (-51.3 − 32.7)

1.8 (-5.8 − 5.0)

0.085

%nPh2

−26.8 (-67.5 − 10.8)

−2.1 (-15.5 − 17.4)

0.072

%nPh3

−20.0 (-67.3 − 34.8)

5.4 (-24.7 − 38.0)

0.212

%nPh4

−8.3 (-59.6 − 68.7)

2.9 (-30.0 − 23.1)

0.420

%nPh5

−4.0 (-56.7 − 105.0)

7.4 (-30.0 − 23.9)

0.807

%nPh6

39.5 (-41.5 − 217.5)

6.7 (-35.1 − 54.3)

0.196

%nPh7

63.8 (-28.3 − 111.6)

0.5 (-41.4 − 58.5)

0.206

%nPh8

−0.8 (-41.2 − 229.7)

−4.7 (-38.4 − 32.6)

0.340

%F1

−7.8 (-13.8 − -4.4)

−2.7 (-7.4 − 2.9)

0.002