Fig. 5

a-i displaying the effects of NGF, Aβ-induced neurite atrophy and neuritogenic outcomes of senegenin. a PC 12cells after 7 days of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth with positive expression of Gap-43. b Aβ-induced axonal atrophy and cell loss with additional reduction in Gap-43 expression. PC 12 cells were differentiated in DM for 7 days, thereafter Aβ was administered for 4 days. c PC 12 cells immunostained with MAP2 7 days after NGF-induced differentiation. d PC 12 cells were differentiated in DM for 7 days with subsequent incubation in the presence of Aβ for 4 days, then immunostained with MAP2 as a neurite marker. e Neuritogenic effect of senegenin (5 μg/ml) after 4 days of Aβ-induced atrophy. PC 12 cells show increased neurite outgrowth and MAP2 expression. f Neuritogenic effect of senegenin (5 μg/ml) after 4 days of Aβ-induced atrophy. PC 12 cells show increased neurite outgrowth and Gap-43 expression. g Neuritogenic effect of NGF (100 ng/ml) after 4 days of Aβ-induced atrophy. PC 12 cells show little neurite outgrowth w/ MAP2 expression. h Neuritogenic effect of NGF (100 ng/ml) after 4 days of Aβ-induced atrophy. PC 12 cells show moderate neurite outgrowth w/ Gap-43 expression. i Neuritogenic outcome in the presence of senegenin (1 μg/ml) after 4 days of Aβ-induced atrophy. PC 12 cells show increased neurite outgrowth w/ Gap-43 expression