Factors | n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Tests | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)a | 121 (98.4) |
X-ray | 117 (95.1) | |
Computed tomography (CT) | 75 (61) | |
C-reactive protein (CRP) | 13 (10.6) | |
Electromyogram | 11 (8.9) | |
Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) | 9 (7.3) | |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | 7 (5.7) | |
Main points of consideration when reading MRI images | Degree of nerve compression | 110 (89.4) |
Degree of intervertebral disc displacementa | 104 (84.6) | |
Correlations between levels of disc displacement on MRI and clinical symptoms | 88 (71.5) | |
Number and level of displaced discs (e.g. L1/2 vs. L5/S1) | 23 (18.7) | |
Degree of intervertebral disc degeneration | 14 (11.4) | |
Alignment of vertebrae | 12 (9.8) | |
Degree of degeneration of vertebral body and/or joints (spondylosis) | 9 (7.3) | |
Diameter/area of spinal canal | 9 (7.3) | |
Physical examination | Straight leg raise test (SLR)a | 119 (96.7) |
Manual muscle testing (MMT) | 65 (52.8) | |
Heel walk/toe walk | 40 (32.5) | |
Valsalva test | 29 (23.6) | |
Well leg raise test | 28 (22.8) | |
Sensory testing | 28 (22.8) | |
Bragard test | 22 (17.9) | |
Laseque sign | 13 (10.6) | |
Other | 23 (18.6) | |
Korean Medicine syndrome differentiation theories | Eight principle pattern identification (八綱辨證)a | 87 (70.7) |
Qi and Blood diagnosis (氣血辨證) | 86 (69.9) | |
Meridian system diagnosis (經絡辨證) | 84 (68.3) | |
Organ system diagnosis (臟腑辨證) | 53 (43.1) | |
Six meridian diagnosis (六經辯證) | 24 (19.5) | |
Sasang constitutional medicine diagnosis (四象體質辨證) | 21 (17.1) | |
Defensive Qi and nutrient Blood diagnosis (衛氣營血辨證) | 7 (5.7) | |
10 Types of LBP from ‘Dongeuibogam’ | LBP from Blood stagnation (瘀血腰痛)a | 69 (56.1) |
LBP from Phlegm (痰飮腰痛) | 45 (36.6) | |
LBP from contusion (挫閃腰痛) | 41 (33.3) | |
LBP from Kidney deficiency (腎虛腰痛) | 25 (20.3) | |
LBP from Wind pathogen (風腰痛) | 19 (15.4) | |
LBP from Dampness pathogen (濕腰痛) | 13 (10.6) | |
LBP from Dampness-Heat pathogen (濕熱腰通) | 13 (10.6) | |
LBP from Cold pathogen (寒腰痛) | 9 (7.3) | |
LBP from Qi(氣腰痛) | 9 (7.3) | |
LBP from retention of food (食積腰痛) | 5 (4.1) |