Fig. 3

Effects of TQF (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) on apoptosis. (a) Apoptotic index. Values expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (group I-VI, n = 10; group VII-IX, n = 5). ^aP < 0.05 compared with carcinogen control; ^bP < 0.05 compared with curcumin; (b) Representative microphotographs of TUNEL staining (original magnification, ×400) for apoptosis in mice skin during ‘promotion’ stage of DMBA/TPA-induced tumorigenesis. (i) group I (vehicle control); (ii) group II (carcinogen control); (iii) group III (reference group, 10 mg/kg curcumin); (iv) group IV (10 mg/kg TQF); (v) group V (30 mg/kg TQF); (vi) group VI (100 mg/kg TQF); (vii) group VII (treatment control, 10 mg/kg TQF); (viii) group VIII (treatment control, 30 mg/kg TQF); (ix) group IX (treatment control, 100 mg/kg TQF). Arrows (in red) indicate brownish-stained apoptotic cells