Table 3 Renal profile and liver function tests throughout the study in Probiotic and Placebo Groups

 Sodium (mmol/L)†

138.5 ± 2.2

138.9 ± 2.7

138.1 ± 3.5

0.147

137.9 ± 2.5

138.8 ± 2.9

138.5 ± 3.1

0.167

0.235

0.280

 Potassium (mmol/L)

4.42 ± 0.30

4.42 ± 0.31

4.35 ± 0.31

0.060

4.40 ± 0.40

4.34 ± 0.36

4.37 ± 0.43

0.360

0.164

0.351

 Urea (mmol/L)

4.26 ± 1.29

4.03 ± 1.00

4.04 ± 1.04

0.086

4.03 ± 0.89

4.07 ± 1.10

4.24 ± 1.14

0.081

<0.05

0.181

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

69.20 ± 17.36

70.87 ± 18.70

72.26 ± 19.73

<0.05

72.10 ± 18.84

71.95 ± 18.60

75.17 ± 18.93

<0.05

0.329

0.288

 GFR (ml/min)

74.45 ± 18.5

74.14 ± 16.94

73.07 ± 17.13

0.710

73.66 ± 13.38

73.91 ± 13.58

68.89 ± 13.55

<0.05

0.147

0.197

 Albumin (g/L)

45.64 ± 3.22

45.38 ± 3.18

45.48 ± 2.97

0.551

45.51 ± 2.53

45.81 ± 2.05

45.94 ± 1.93

0.339

0.147

0.224

 Total protein (g/L)

74.24 ± 4.93

73.32 ± 5.14

73.03 ± 5.98

0.190

73.87 ± 3.73

72.33 ± 4.89

71.59 ± 5.19

<0.05

0.695

0.534

 Bilirubin (μmol/L)†

9.77 ± 3.50

10.03 ± 3.59

10.09 ± 3.70

0.739

10.38 ± 3.92

10.27 ± 3.20

10.28 ± 3.20

0.996

0.260

0.845

 ALT (U/L)†

23.20 ± 9.65

22.38 ± 10.13

22.33 ± 10.02

0.199

32.53 ± 16.10

32.59 ± 16.78

33.27 ± 17.29

0.823

0.421

0.374

 ALP (U/L)

68.49 ± 23.19

68.28 ± 21.82

67.00 ± 21.77

0.209

73.42 ± 18.11

71.97 ± 18.57

71.29 ± 20.72

0.134

0.481

0.485

 AST (U/L)

26.84 ± 77.12

24.58 ± 6.64

25.71 ± 6.81

0.441

20.12 ± 4.68

20.26 ± 5.12

21.29 ± 6.30

0.275

0.490

0.495