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Table 1 General characteristics according to Sasang constitution type

From: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among sasang constitutional types: a population-based study in Korea

Variable

SE

SY

TE

P value

No. of cases

172

407

605

 

Age (yr)

55.3 ± 6.0a**

56.0 ± 6.4**

58.8 ± 7.9

<.0001

Female, n (%)

94 (54.7)*****

285 (70.0)**

297 (49.1)

<.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

21.3 ± 1.6**,******

22.9 ± 2.0**

26.6 ± 2.4

<.0001

Alcohol consumption (g/day)

1.8 ± 4.0*

1.8 ± 3.9**

3.1 ± 5.3

<.0001

ALT (IU/L)

23.1 ± 24.1*

21.8 ± 10.0**

27.3 ± 16.2

<.0001

HOMA-IRb

1.5 ± 0.6**

1.7 ± 0.8**

2.6 ± 3.5

<.0001

Physical activityc

159.5 ± 195.5

189.7 ± 276.4

189.0 ± 258.2

0.37

LAI (HU)

13.3 ± 6.0**

12.3 ± 7.0**

6.5 ± 9.9

<.0001

NAFLD [LAI < 5, n (%)]

8 (4.7)**,****

57 (14.0)**

206 (34.0)

<.0001

HTN, n (%)

35 (20.3)**

99 (24.3)**

266 (44.0)

<.0001

DM, n (%)

13 (7.6)**

50 (12.3)**

164 (27.1)

<.0001

Metabolic componentsd

Abdominal obesity, n (%)

5 (2.9)**,***

35 (8.6)**

293 (48.5)

<.0001

Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%)

28 (16.3)**,***

100 (24.6)**

248 (41.0)

<.0001

Low HDL cholesterol, n (%)

122 (70.9)**,****

232 (57.0)**

293 (48.4)

<.0001

High BP, n (%)

45 (26.2)**

124 (30.6)**

317 (52.7)

<.0001

High FPG, n (%)

8 (4.7)**,***

40 (9.8)**

140 (23.1)

<.0001

MS, n (%)e

6 (3.5)**,****

41 (10.1)**

233 (38.5)

<.0001

  1. Abbreviations: TE Tae-eum type, SE So-eum type, SY So-yang type, BMI body mass index, ALT alanine aminotransferase, HOMA-IR homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, MET metabolic equivalents, LAI liver attenuation index, HU Hounsfield units, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, HDL high density lipoprotein, BP blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, MS metabolic syndrome
  2. aValues are mean ± SD
  3. bCalculated as fasting glucose (mmol/L) x fasting insulin (μU/mL)/22.5
  4. cTotal metabolic equivalents per week (minutes)
  5. dDefined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women for abdominal obesity; TG ≥150 mg/dl for hypertriglyceridemia; HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women for low HDL cholesterol; systolic/ diastolic pressure ≥130/85 mmHg for high BP; fasting plasma glucose ≥110 mg/dl for high FPG
  6. ePresence of 3 or more of metabolic components
  7. *P <0.01 vs. TE type
  8. **P <0.0001 vs. TE type
  9. ***P <0.05 vs. SY type
  10. ****P <0.01 vs. SY type
  11. *****P <0.001 vs. SY type
  12. ******P <0.0001 vs. SY type