Nonusers | Users | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | |||
Predisposing characteristic variables | ||||||
Gender | Male | 3,423 | 85.19 | 595 | 14.81 | <0.001 |
Female | 4,384 | 76.44 | 1,351 | 23.56 | ||
Age (yrs) | mean ± SD | 51.503 ± 16.207 | 55.608 ± 15.575 | <0.001 | ||
Education | ≤ Elementary school | 1,815 | 74.29 | 628 | 25.71 | <0.001 |
≤ High school | 3,495 | 80.34 | 855 | 19.66 | ||
> High school | 2,497 | 84.36 | 463 | 15.64 | ||
Region | Seoul metropolitan area | 3,229 | 81.44 | 736 | 18.56 | 0.003 |
Chungcheong-Gangwon | 1,054 | 78.42 | 290 | 21.58 | ||
Yeongnam | 2,342 | 79.69 | 597 | 20.31 | ||
Honam | 976 | 77.40 | 285 | 22.60 | ||
Jeju | 206 | 84.43 | 38 | 15.57 | ||
Enabling resource variables | ||||||
Spouse | Yes | 5,945 | 80.45 | 1,445 | 19.55 | 0.081 |
No | 1,862 | 78.80 | 501 | 21.20 | ||
Work status | Not employed | 3,208 | 78.13 | 898 | 21.87 | <0.001 |
Employed | 2,880 | 82.07 | 629 | 17.93 | ||
Self-employed | 1,719 | 80.40 | 419 | 19.60 | ||
Household annual income low level (%) | <25 | 1,869 | 76.01 | 590 | 23.99 | <0.001 |
<50 | 1,955 | 80.69 | 468 | 19.31 | ||
<75 | 2,012 | 82.70 | 421 | 17.30 | ||
≥75 | 1,971 | 80.84 | 467 | 19.16 | ||
Regional characteristic | Rural | 3,390 | 80.09 | 843 | 19.91 | 0.935 |
Urban | 4,417 | 80.02 | 1,103 | 19.98 | ||
Needs variables | ||||||
Chronic disease | No | 2,485 | 86.62 | 384 | 13.38 | <0.001 |
<3 | 2,878 | 83.18 | 582 | 16.82 | ||
≥3 | 2,444 | 71.38 | 980 | 28.62 | ||
Hypertension | No | 5,837 | 80.87 | 1,381 | 19.13 | 0.001 |
Yes | 1,970 | 77.71 | 565 | 22.29 | ||
Diabetes | No | 7,053 | 80.28 | 1,732 | 19.72 | 0.077 |
Yes | 754 | 77.89 | 214 | 22.11 | ||
Arthritis | No | 6,846 | 82.23 | 1,479 | 17.77 | <0.001 |
Yes | 961 | 67.30 | 467 | 32.70 | ||
Neoplasm | No | 7,363 | 80.36 | 1,800 | 19.64 | 0.003 |
Yes | 444 | 75.25 | 146 | 24.75 | ||
EQ-5D | mean ± SD | 0.910 ± 0.088 | 0.892 ± 0.097 | <0.001 | ||
Subjective health condition | mean ± SD | 2.680 ± 0.858 | 2.836 ± 0.855 | <0.001 |