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Table 4 Identified of phenolic acids and flavonoids from S. crispus leaves collected from three different locations

From: Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of different extracts of Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bremek leaves grown in different locations of Malaysia

Secondary metabolites

Penang

Selangor

Kelantan

Phenolic acids

 Caffeic acid

1.94 ± 0.566c

2.52 ± 0.206b

2.95 ± 0.311a

 Ferulic acid

0.85 ± 0.426c

1.15 ± 0.112b

1.76 ± 0.160a

 trans-Cinnamic acid

0.44 ± 0.335a

ND

ND

 Chlorogenic acid

ND

0.5 ± 0.116b

0.75 ± 0.128a

 Gallic acid

0.8 ± 0.228c

1.08 ± 0.221b

1.45 ± 0.326a

Flavonoids

 Quercetin

0.82 ± 0.346c

1.4 ± 0.330b

1.95 ± 0.334a

 Rutin

0.79 ± 0.122c

1.04 ± 0.166b

1.48 ± 0.269a

 Kaempferol

ND

0.54 ± 0.066a

0.56 ± 0.041a

 Catechin

0.65 ± 0.244b

0.72 ± 0.114b

1.12 ± 0.220a

 Naringenin

ND

ND

0.58 ± 0.063a

 Apigenin

0.33 ± 0.106c

0.6 ± 0.105b

0.92 ± 0.325a

  1. All analyses are the mean of triplicate measurements ± standard deviation. Results expressed in mg/g DM. Means not sharing a common letter in each row were significantly different at p < 0.05. ND represent not detected