Secondary metabolites | Penang | Selangor | Kelantan |
---|---|---|---|
Phenolic acids | |||
 Caffeic acid | 1.94 ± 0.566c | 2.52 ± 0.206b | 2.95 ± 0.311a |
 Ferulic acid | 0.85 ± 0.426c | 1.15 ± 0.112b | 1.76 ± 0.160a |
 trans-Cinnamic acid | 0.44 ± 0.335a | ND | ND |
 Chlorogenic acid | ND | 0.5 ± 0.116b | 0.75 ± 0.128a |
 Gallic acid | 0.8 ± 0.228c | 1.08 ± 0.221b | 1.45 ± 0.326a |
Flavonoids | |||
 Quercetin | 0.82 ± 0.346c | 1.4 ± 0.330b | 1.95 ± 0.334a |
 Rutin | 0.79 ± 0.122c | 1.04 ± 0.166b | 1.48 ± 0.269a |
 Kaempferol | ND | 0.54 ± 0.066a | 0.56 ± 0.041a |
 Catechin | 0.65 ± 0.244b | 0.72 ± 0.114b | 1.12 ± 0.220a |
 Naringenin | ND | ND | 0.58 ± 0.063a |
 Apigenin | 0.33 ± 0.106c | 0.6 ± 0.105b | 0.92 ± 0.325a |