| |
n = 67
|
n = 78
|
n = 72
| | | |
|
Labour pain
| | | |
Mean difference (CI 95 %)c
|
Mean difference (CI 95 %)c
|
Mean difference (CI 95 %)c
|
|
Recalled labour pain, mean (SE)
|
69.3 (3.0)
|
68.7 (2.8)
|
70.1 (2.8)
|
0.8 (−6.3–7.9)
|
1.3 (−5.5–8.1)
|
0.5 (−6.4–7.4)
|
|
Peak pain (measured during labour), mean (SE)
|
81.6 (1.6)
|
83.2 (1.6)
|
85.8 (1.6)
|
4.1 (0.3–8.1)
|
2.6 (−1.2–6.4)
|
−1.6 (−5.3–2.2)
|
|
Difference between peak and recalled pain (SE)
|
11.7 (3.0)
|
14.1 (2.8)
|
13.7 (2.8)
|
2.0 (−5.1–9.2)
|
−0.4 (−7.2–6.4)
|
−2.4 (−9.3–4.5)
|
| | | | |
OR (CI 95 %)d
|
OR (CI 95 %)d
|
OR (CI 95 %)d
|
|
Pain worse than expected (%)
|
42.4
|
42.7
|
47.1
|
0.8 (0.4–1.6)
|
0.8 (0.4–1.6)
|
1.0 (0.5–2.0)
|
|
Sufficient pain relief (%)
|
75.4
|
84.4
|
75.0
|
1.2 (0.5–2.9)
|
2.1 (0.9–4.9)
|
1.7 (0.7–4.0)
|
|
Acupuncture treatment
| | | | | |
|
Would choose the treatment in a forthcoming labour (%)
|
52.2
|
50.6
| | | |
0.8 (0.4–1.5)
|
|
Effective for reducing pain (%)
|
34.3
|
50.7
| | | |
1.8 (0.9–3.6)
|
|
Effective for relaxation (%)
|
47.7
|
51.4
| | | |
1.1 (0.5–2.1)
|
|
Psychological outcomes
| | |
Mean difference (CI 95 %)c
|
Mean difference (CI 95 %)c
|
Mean difference (CI 95 %)c
|
|
No. positive emotions, mean (SE)
|
4.0 (0.4)
|
4.4 (0.4)
|
4.0 (0.4)
|
0.0 (−0.9–1.0)
|
−0.4 (−1.4–0.5)
|
−0.5 (−1.4–0.5)
|
|
No. negative emotions, mean (SE)
|
1.9 (0.2)
|
1.7 (0.2)
|
1.8 (0.2)
|
−0.1 (−0.7–0.5)
|
0.7 (−0.5–0.6)
|
0.2 (−0.4–0.7)
|
| | | | |
OR (CI 95 %)d
|
OR (CI 95 %)d
|
OR (CI 95 %)d
|
|
Overall positive emotions (%)
|
87.9
|
84.6
|
81.9
|
1.6 (0.6–4.1)
|
1.3 (0.5–3.0)
|
0.8 (0.3–2.1)
|
|
Positive birth experience (%)
|
64.6
|
61.0
|
54.3
|
1.8 (0.9–3.7)
|
1.4 (0.7–2.6)
|
0.8 (0.4–1.5)
|
|
Depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥13) (%)
|
4.5
|
5.1
|
8.3
|
0.3 (0.1–1.7)
|
0.5 (0.1–2.1)
|
3.1 (0.6–16.2)
|
