Fig. 5From: Effects of Ixeris dentata water extract and caffeic acid on allergic inflammation in vivo and in vitroEffects of caffeic acid on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB in HMC-1 cells. (a) HMC-1 cells (1 × 104 cells/well) were treated with caffeic acid (1–100 μM) for 24 h and the degree of cell viability was analyzed with MTT assays. (b-d) The production levels of TNF-α (b), IL-8 (c), and IL-6 (d) were measured using the ELISA method. HMC-1 cells (2 × 105 cells/well) were pre-treated with caffeic acid for 1 h and were stimulated with PMA (50 nM) + A23187 (1 μM) for 8 h. Values represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (e and f) Phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK (e) and the degradation of IκBα and translocation of NF-κB (f) were assayed by western blot analysis. HMC-1 cells (1 × 106 cells/well) were incubated with various concentrations of caffeic acid and then stimulated with PMA (50 nM) + A23187 (1 μM) for 30 min (e) or 2 h (f). C, cytosol extracts; N, nuclear extractsBack to article page