Fig. 3
Effects of ID and caffeic acid on the expression levels of inflammatory mediators in HaCaT cells. (a and b) HaCaT cells (2 × 105 cells/well) were treated with ID (0.01 - 1 mg/ml) or caffeic acid (1–100 μM) for 12 h and the degree of cell viability was analyzed by an MTT assay. (c and d) HaCaT cells (2 × 105 cells/well) were pre-treated with ID or caffeic acid for 30 min and were stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ for 18 h. The levels of cytokine were assayed by a RT-PCR analysis. (e and f) Relative levels of IL-8, TARC, MDC, ICAM-1, and MMP-9 were calculated using an image analyzer. Values represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. CA, caffeic acid. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01