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Figure 3 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Figure 3

From: Tong Luo Jiu Nao ameliorates Aβ1–40-induced cognitive impairment on adaptive behavior learning by modulating ERK/CaMKII/CREB signaling in the hippocampus

Figure 3

Behavioral performance in goal-directed learning (higher rate of response schedule) in post-training surgically manipulated animals. Subpart (A) is the number of daily LPs; subpart (B) is the number of daily NPs; subpart (C) is the number of Rs earned per day; subpart (D) is the daily ratios of P(R/LP); subpart (E) is the daily ratios of P(R/NP) and subpart (F) is the daily ratios of LP/NP. Data are expressed as means ± SEM, n=10.Significant differences *p<0.05 compared with the sham; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001 compared with the Aβ1-40.

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