Table 1 Antioxidant activities of bee products and antioxidants.
From: Comparison of bee products based on assays of antioxidant capacities
IC50 (95% confidence limit) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Compounds | H2O2 | O2 ·- | HO· |
Brazilian green propolis (μg/ml) | |||
WEP | 0.24 (0.15–0.34) | 0.91 (0.64–1.21) | 4.12 (3.31–5.17) |
EEP | 2.48 (1.65–4.05) | 0.79 (0.56–1.04) | 5.83 (4.99–6.87) |
Other bee products (μg/ml) | |||
Pollen | 9.99 (8.01–12.3) | 8.44 (6.64–10.4) | 57.6 (46.5–69.9) |
Royal jelly | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
Constituents of propolis (μM) | |||
3,4-di-O-Caffeoylquinic acid | 0.52 (0.36–0.70) | 0.25 (0.18–0.32) | 1.86 (1.50–2.31) |
3,5-di-O-Caffeoylquinic acid | 0.33 (0.16–0.53) | 0.18 (0.13–0.24) | 2.02 (1.51–3.07) |
3-Caffeoylquinic acid | 0.22 (0.11–0.35) | 0.16 (0.11–0.22) | 2.38 (1.83–3.19) |
Artepillin C | 1.44 (1.16–1.76) | 2.01 (1.38–2.84) | 51.9 (39.1–73.1) |
Baccharin | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
Coumaric acid | > 100 | > 100 | 59.4 (39.1–102.7) |
Drupanin | 7.35 (5.28–10.0) | 5.24 (3.20–8.00) | 26.4 (17.4–43.4) |
Caffeic acid | 0.28 (0.22–0.36) | 0.13 (0.11–0.16) | 1.82 (1.50–2.23) |
Quinic acid | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
Constituents of royal jelly (μM) | |||
10-Hydroxy decenoic acid | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
Antioxidants (μM) | |||
Trolox | 0.29 (0.11–0.59) | 0.36 (0.13–0.75) | 1.30 (0.97–1.77) |
NAC | 1.84 (1.02–4.37) | 2.40 (1.46–4.42) | > 100 |
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | 1.53 (1.38–1.70) | 0.70 (0.50–0.94) | 2.07 (0.98–5.81) |