Prospective investigation of complementary and alternative medicine use and subsequent hospitalizations

Smith, Tyler C; Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret AK

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-8-19

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratios for any-cause hospitalization in personnel reporting practitioner-assisted or self-administered CAM therapies

From: Prospective investigation of complementary and alternative medicine use and subsequent hospitalizations

Characteristic	Population		Hospitalized
	Number	%	Number	%	HR*	95% CI
Practitioner-assisted CAM
0 therapies^†	885	67.1	57	66.3	1.00	--
1 therapy	254	19.3	14	16.3	0.99	0.53, 1.84
≥ 2 therapies	180	13.6	15	17.4	1.86	0.96, 3.63
Self-administered CAM
0 therapies^†	892	67.6	65	75.6	1.00	--
1 therapy	237	18.0	13	15.1	0.62	0.33, 1.17
≥ 2 therapies	190	14.4	8	9.3	0.38	0.17, 0.86
Health conditions in past 12 months
0–1 conditions^†	216	16.4	11	12.8	1.00	--
2–3 conditions	507	38.4	26	30.2	1.10	0.53, 2.28
4–5 conditions	327	24.8	22	26.7	1.46	0.68, 3.18
≥ 6 conditions	269	20.4	27	31.4	2.22	0.99, 4.98
Bodily pain in past 4 weeks
None/very mild^†	742	56.2	45	52.3	1.00	--
Mild	308	23.4	22	25.6	1.02	0.58, 1.79
Moderate/severe	269	20.4	19	22.1	0.94	0.50, 1.77
Level of satisfaction with conventional medical doctor
Not at all or not very^†	196	14.9	10	11.6	1.00	--
Somewhat	528	40.0	32	37.2	1.78	0.79, 4.02
Very	595	45.1	44	51.2	2.30	0.91, 5.82
Level of trust in conventional medical doctor
Little or not at all^†	238	18.0	15	17.4	1.00	--
Some	423	32.0	27	31.4	0.80	0.39, 1.66
Completely or a lot	658	49.9	44	51.2	0.69	0.31, 1.53
General health
Poor or fair^†	65	4.9	8	9.3	1.00	--
Good	367	27.8	27	31.4	0.45	0.20, 1.03
Very good or excellent	887	67.3	51	59.3	0.39	0.17, 0.90
Sex
Male^†	1,029	78.0	63	73.3	1.00	--
Female	290	22.0	23	26.7	1.25	0.72, 2.18
Age (years)
18–24^†	305	23.1	18	20.9	1.00	--
25–31	348	26.4	17	19.8	0.64	0.30, 1.36
32–38	342	25.9	24	27.9	1.15	0.53, 2.48
39–57	324	24.6	27	31.4	1.17	0.51, 2.70
Marital status
Single or divorced^†	528	40.0	27	31.4	1.00	--
Married	791	60.0	59	68.6	1.68	0.99, 2.86
Race/ethnicity
White^†	866	65.7	54	62.8	1.00	--
Hispanic	123	9.3	11	12.8	1.61	0.81, 3.20
Black	190	14.4	11	12.8	0.90	0.46, 1.79
Asian and Pacific Islander	92	7.0	6	7.0	0.77	0.32, 1.87
Other	48	3.6	4	4.7	1.20	0.42, 3.48
Education level
Some high school or diploma^†	367	27.8	25	29.1	1.00	--
Some college	654	49.6	37	43.0	0.85	0.49, 1.46
College degree	298	22.6	24	27.9	1.44	0.63, 3.32
Salary
≤ $19,999^†	260	19.7	11	12.8	1.00	--
$20,000-$34,999	377	28.6	35	40.7	1.92	0.87, 4.22
$35,000-$49,999	285	21.6	15	17.4	1.01	0.38, 2.64
$50,000-$74,999	239	18.1	12	14.0	0.68	0.24, 1.95
≥ $75,000	158	12.0	13	15.1	1.01	0.30, 3.47
Rank
Enlisted^†	1,082	82.0	70	81.4	1.00	--
Officer	237	18.0	16	18.6	1.02	0.40, 2.60
Service
Regular Navy^†	1,017	77.1	69	80.2	1.00	--
Regular Marine Corps	302	22.9	17	19.8	1.17	0.64, 2.13
Occupational category
Combat specialists^†	287	21.8	15	17.4	1.00	--
Electronic equipment repair	192	14.6	7	8.1	0.73	0.29, 1.85
Communications/intelligence	97	7.4	5	5.8	1.17	0.41, 3.37
Healthcare	115	8.7	16	18.6	2.63	1.21, 5.72
Functional support	220	16.7	18	20.9	1.60	0.76, 3.35
Electrical/mechanical repair	236	17.9	19	22.1	1.60	0.76, 3.36
Craft workers	33	2.5	1	1.2	0.44	0.06, 3.55
Service and supply handlers	82	6.2	2	2.3	0.52	0.12, 2.30
Students, trainees, other	57	4.3	3	3.5	1.11	0.31, 3.99

*HR = adjusted hazards ratio; CI = 95% confidence interval.
^†Reference category.

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