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Table 3 Antimicrobial activity of 21 essential oils against P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa and E. coli using disc diffusion method

From: In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils

Oil Name

P. vulgaris

P. aeruginosa

E. coli

Concentration

1:1

1:5

1:10

1:20

1:1

1:5

1:10

1:20

1:1

1:5

1:10

1:20

Aniseed oil

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Calamus oil

11.1 ± 0.7gh

9.2 ± 0.5h

-

-

13.8 ± 0.5ef

12.8 ± 0.4f

9.2 ± 0.7 d

8.3 ± 0.5 d

-

-

-

-

Camphor oil

8.8 ± 0.7 hi

-

-

-

10 ± 0.5gh

-

-

-

8.8 ± 1d

-

-

-

Cedar wood

14.1 ± 1.1f

12.9 ± 0.5g

8.2 ± 0.5f

-

15.6 ± 0.5de

14.1 ± 0.9ef

8.23 ± 0.5d

-

-

-

-

-

Cinnamon oil

29.4 ± 0.5a

27 ± 0a

18.6 ± 1.52a

14.1 ± 0.4b

33.3 ± 1.6a

32.2 ± 0.5a

24.4 ± 0.5a

21 ± 0a

29.8 ± 0.7a

26 ± 1a

23.8 ± 1a

21 ± 0.2a

Citronella oil

19.5 ± 0.5cd

11.3 ± 0.7g

-

-

12.1 ± 0.5fg

10.4 ± 0.5g

-

-

-

-

-

-

Clove oil

20.1 ± 1c

18.2 ± 0.5d

11.8 ± 0.5d

8 ± 0e

17.4 ± 0.7d

15.5 ± 0.2e

8.5 ± 0.5d

-

17.4 ± 2c

15.1 ± 0.5c

10.8 ± 0.5e

8 ± 0c

Eucalyptus oil

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8.5 ± 1d

-

-

-

Geranium oil

19 ± 0.2de

14.6 ± 0.2e

11 ± 1.5ef

8.3 ± 0e

21.5 ± 0.2c

19.2 ± 1.2d

9.4 ± 0.5d

-

14.1 ± 1c

10.4 ± 1d

-

-

Lavender

10.8 ± 0.5ghi

9.3 ± 0.5h

-

-

12.1 ± 0.9fg

9.9 ± 0.7g

-

-

-

-

-

-

Lemon oil

22.5 ± 0.5b

18.9 ± 0.5d

15.5 ± 0.5c

10.7 ± 0.2d

21.4 ± 1.1c

19.9 ± 0.7cd

9.1 ± 0.2d

-

21.6 ± 0.5b

18.9 ± 0.5b

10.6 ± 0.2e

-

Lemongrass oil

14.6 ± 0.7f

12.1 ± 0.2g

9.5 ± 0.5ef

-

23.4 ± 1c

19.6 ± 0.5d

9.1 ± 0.5d

-

-

-

-

-

Lime oil

27.8 ± 0.5a

24 ± 0b

17.9 ± 0.1ab

13 ± 1c

25.5 ± 1b

23.5 ± 0.5b

13.6 ± 0.7c

9.3 ± 0.8c

22.7 ± 0.5b

18.9 ± 1b

15.6 ± 0.5c

17.6 ± 1.5b

Nutmeg

14.5 ± 0.7f

11.9 ± 0.2g

8 ± 0 f

-

15.5 ± 0.5de

12.9 ± 1f

-

-

-

-

-

-

Orange oil

23.7 ± 0.7b

22.2 ± 0.7 c

16.5 ± 0.2bc

10.7 ± 0.5d

21.6 ± 0.2c

18.8 ± 0.2d

9.4 ± 0.5d

-

22.9 ± 0.5b

19.4 ± 0.7b

12.4 ± 0.2d

-

Palmarosa oil

19 ± 0cd

15.8 ± 0.2 e

9.9 ± 0.2 def

-

14.4 ± 0.5ef

13.2 ± 0.5ef

9.2 ± 0.2d

-

8.2 ± 0.5d

-

-

-

Peppermint oil

8.5 ± 0.2i

-

-

-

13.4 ± .52ef

11.2 ± 0.8g

-

-

-

-

-

-

Rosemary oil

17.4 ± 1cd

15.9 ± 0.5ef

9.7 ± 0de

-

23.4 ± 0.2c

21.9 ± 0.5c

14.5 ± 0.5b

8.3 ± 0.5d

17.5 ± 1c

15.1 ± 0.7c

9.1 ± 0.2f

-

Basil oil

8.9 ± 0.7ghi

-

-

-

8.23 ± 0.5h

-

-

-

10.5 ± 0.5d

8.2 ± 0.5e

-

-

Vetiver oil

11.5 ± 0.5g

10.3 ± 0.2

11.4 ± 0.5de

-

13.5 ± 0.5ef

11.7 ± 0.5g

8.2 ± 0.2d

-

-

-

-

-

Wintergreen

15.8 ± 0.7ef

14.8 ± 0.5 f

9.5 ± 1 def

-

10.2

-

-

-

8.9 ± 1d

-

-

-

Streptomycin**

18.4 ± 0.7

   

16.4 ± 0.2

   

21.2 ± 0.1

   

Vehicle control

-

   

-

   

-

   
  1. ** Streptomycin disc (25 μg) as a positive reference standard; Values are mean inhibition zone(mm) ± S.D of three replicates
  2. Means within a column followed by different letters are statistically significant by tukey's test at p = 0.05; - no activity.