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Figure 2 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Figure 2

From: Emodin enhances osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis

Figure 2

Emodin can stimulate cell proliferation. It stimulates osteogenesis differentiation of BMSC. When it (0.1-10 μM) was added to the OM culture of BMSC for 7, 14, 21 days. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was performed to examine the expression of osteogenesis-specific genes. A) MTT assays showed that emodin have significant effects on cell growth at the concentrations used (0.1-10 μM), but there are inhibition at 100 μM after 3 days treatment in BMSC (p > 0.05, compared with the group without emodin). In addition, emodin at concentrations of 0-100 μM are inhibition at 48 h. B) Emodin increased the mRNA expression of BMP4 in BMSC in a dose-dependent manner, with more pronounced effect at the concentration of 10 μM. C) Treatment with emodin at the concentration of 10 μM also significantly increased the mRNA expression of Runx2 in osteogenesis differentiation of BMSC for 14 days and 21 days. D) Emodin increased the osterix mRNA expression. E) Emodin dose-dependently enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in BMSC, especially at the concentration of 10 μM. F) Emodin dose-dependently enhanced the ColI mRNA expression. G) Emodin increased OCmRNA expression at concentrations of 10 μM for 21 days. H) Western blotting analyses of the protein abundance of Runx2. β-actin was used as an invariant control for equal loading. P < 0.05 vs OVX group. ALP staining (I, J, K and L) also showed treatment with emodin at the concentrations of 0.1and 10 μM increased the ALP activity in BMSC compared with the group without emodin.

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