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Table 3 Antioxidant activities of CPE, AA and PBE based on (a) Scavenging effect using DPPH assay (b) Metal reducing ion capability, and (c) Antioxidant activity using β-carotene bleaching assay

From: Phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract

Assay

Sample

Concentration, μg/ml

EC 50

 

7.8

15.6

31.3

62.5

125

250

500

1000

 

(a) DPPH assay (%)

AA

45.03 ± 1.74aα

50.14 ± 3.20aβ

63.05 ± 6.39aγ

66.63 ± 1.75bγ

72.21 ± 2.21bδ

73.45 ± 2.24bδ

76.48 ± 2.58bδ

77.53 ± 2.67bδ

13.25

 

PBE

13.70 ± 0.27bα

23.92 ± 1.04cβ

38.49 ± 2.26bγ

58.89 ± 3.16cδ

67.43 ± 1.71cε

69.93 ± 1.91bε

73.54 ± 1.85bε

74.86 ± 1.42bε

49.33

 

CPE

10.80 ± 0.63cα

32.10 ± 0.40bβ

58.98 ± 5.82aγ

87.07 ± 3.09aδ

85.01 ± 4.44aδ

86.81 ± 3.47aδ

84.52 ± 3.23aδ

83.28 ± 0.66aδ

26.10

(b) FRAP assay (μM Fe 2+ )

AA

416.24 ± 78.22abαβ

610.43 ± 3.99aγδ

405.47 ± 42.79bαβ

454.19 ± 31.55cβ

336.24 ± 45.33cα

534.53 ± 29.57bγ

599.83 ± 100.81bγ

754.02 ± 72.49aγε

204.25

 

PBE

398.11 ± 15.95bα

485.06 ± 39.38bβγ

483.67 ± 53.55aβγ

509.22 ± 46.27bγ

551.44 ± 45.71aγδ

435.61 ± 57.16cβγ

793.94 ± 41.84aε

587.83 ± 4.71bδ

70.76

 

CPE

478.12 ± 46.06aβ

567.86 ± 38.07aγ

390.94 ± 15.23bα

684.27 ± 18.72aδε

526.66 ± 42.06aβγ

620.68 ± 9.07aδ

638.80 ± 52.31bδ

729.57 ± 57.20aε

97.30

(c) BCB assay (%)

BHT

31.01 ± 3.60aα

46.83 ± 3.18aβ

59.26 ± 1.46aγ

78.70 ± 3.16aδ

91.72 ± 2.51aε

98.23 ± 6.09aε

97.17 ± 2.82aε

99.17 ± 5.48aε

24.09

 

PBE

3.67 ± 0.27cα

12.88 ± 2.26bβ

23.20 ± 7.65bγ

25.31 ± 6.89cγ

40.71 ± 8.66cγδ

48.32 ± 7.73cδ

49.59 ± 3.51cδ

63.68 ± 13.15cδ

302.71

 

CPE

9.65 ± 1.99bβ

5.15 ± 1.10cα

5.74 ± 1.48cα

51.47 ± 5.64bγ

70.50 ± 0.43bδ

81.55 ± 1.08bε

83.44 ± 0.80b£

88.08 ± 2.73b€

84.67

  1. a b c dDifferent alphabet in column means significantly different within sample for each assay.
  2. α β γ δ ε € £different symbol means significantly different within concentration for each sample in row for each assay.