Sub-MICs of Carum copticum and Thymus vulgaris influence virulence factors and biofilm formation in Candida spp

Khan, Mohd SA; Ahmad, Iqbal; Cameotra, Swaranjit S; Botha, Francien

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-337

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 1 Detection of biofilm formation and extracellular production of virulence factors in the strains of Candida spp

From: Sub-MICs of Carum copticum and Thymus vulgaris influence virulence factors and biofilm formation in Candida spp

Test strains	Clinical condition	Resistance pattern	% CSH	Biofilm formation (OD₄₉₀)*	Virulence factors production
					Solid medium		Liquid medium
					Activity inde × (pZ)		Liquid medium
					Proteinase	Haemolysin	Proteinase (OD₂₈₀)#	% haemolysis
*C. albicans*
C. albicans 01	Candidemia	KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	41.30 ± 3.75	0.49 ± 0.04	0.50 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.05	1.23 ± 0.11	41.52
C. albicans 02	-Do-	KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.05 ± 0.01	0.78 ± 0.04	0.60 ± 0.05	0.45 ± 0.02	29.10
C. albicans 03	-Do-	KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	62.11 ± 2.31	0.59 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.03	1.0 ± 0.00	1.35 ± 0.13	ND
C. albicans 04	-Do-	KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	61.75 ± 2.85	1.36 ± 0.66	0.80 ± 0.05	1.0 ± 0.00	0.42 ± 0.04	ND
C. albicans 05	Urine	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	59.78 ± 4.31	1.0 ± 0.08	1.0 ± 0.00	0.68 ± 0.05	Nil	74.68
C. albicans 06	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	55.43 ± 3.38	1.15 ± 0.10	0.60 ± 0.04	1.0 ± 0.00	0.95 ± 0.04	ND
C. albicans 07	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	66.21 ± 2.97	0.60 ± 0.03	0.71 ± 0.06	1.0 ± 0.00	0.44 ± 0.03	ND
C. albicans 08	-Do-	KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.28 ± 0.04	0.52 ± 0.05	1.0 ± 0.00	1.18 ± 0.14	ND
C. albicans 09	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	55.10 ± 2.75	1.12 ± 0.09	0.77 ± 0.04	0.83 ± 0.05	0.85 ± 0.06	25.84
C. albicans 10	Vaginitis	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.05 ± 0.01	0.66 ± 0.05	1.0 ± 0.00	1.37 ± 0.22	ND
C. albicans 11	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.2650.03	0.75 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.05	37.33
C. albicans 12	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.35 ± 0.05	0.71 ± 0.04	1.0 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.09	ND
C. albicans 13	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	25.78 ± 2.98	0.67 ± 0.08	0.78 ± 0.05	1.0 ± 0.00	1.15 ± 0.10	ND
C. albicans 14	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	33.45 ± 3.71	0.62 ± 0.05	0.73 ± 0.06	1.0 ± 0.00	1.18 ± 0.10	ND
C. albicans 15	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	44.59 ± 4.97	0.55 ± 0.04	1.0 ± 0.00	1.0 ± 0.00	Nil	ND
C. albicans 16	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	24.76 ± 2.38	0.58 ± 0.01	1.0 ± 0.00	0.65 ± 0.05	Nil	83.18
C. albicans 17	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	40.90 ± 3.36	0.78 ± 0.02	1.0 ± 0.00	0.64 ± 0.04	Nil	81.25
C. albicans 18	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	53.45 ± 4.97	1.32 ± 0.07	1.0 ± 0.00	0.68 ± 0.05	Nil	91.45
C. albicans NRRLY12983	Reference strain	KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	25.78 ± .17	1.15 ± 0.10	0.50 ± 0.04	0.73 ± 0.06	1.21 ± 0.10	24.32
C. albicans MTCC183	-Do-	KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	35.60 ± 1.76	0.60 ± 0.03	1.0 ± 0.00	0.82 ± 0.06	1.35 ± 0.12	24.93
C. albicans SC5314	-Do-	-	63.28 ± 5.18	1.09 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.05	0.55 ± 0.06	1.06 ± 0.09	74.45
Non albicans *-Candida*
C. glabrata 01	Vaginitis	KTC, ICZ, FLZ	65.39 ± 6.1	0.05 ± 0.01	1.0 ± 0.00	1.0 ± 0.00	0.20 ± 0.05	ND
C. glabrata 02	-Do-	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.04 ± 0.09	1.0 ± 0.00	1.0 ± 0.00	Nil	15.96
C. glabrata MTCC3019	Reference strain	KTC, ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.05 ± 0.09	1.0 ± 0.00	1.0 ± 0.00	Nil	ND
C. krusei 01	Vaginitis	AMB, KTZ, ICZ, FLZ	41.22 ± 3.38	0.05 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.04	Nil	28.95
C. tropicalis 01	Candidemia	ICZ, FLZ	62.99 ± 5.10	0.14 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.05	0.98 ± 0.07	60.42
C. tropicalis 02	Vaginitis	ICZ, FLZ	ND	0.06 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.05	0.66 ± 0.05	0.57 ± 0.06	34.27

pZ = (zone of diameter of colony)/(zone of diameter of colony + zone of solubilization or precipitation around the colony).
pZ = 1; indicates no activity.
*Biofilm formation was considered as Nil for OD₄₉₀ < 0.1.
OD₄₉₀ (0.1-0.5); weak biofilm, OD₄₉₀ (>0.5-1.0); moderate biofilm, OD₄₉₀ (>1.0); strong biofilms.
#Proteinase activity was considered as Nil for OD₂₈₀ < 0.1.
AMB; amphotericin B, FLZ; fluconazole, ICZ; Itraconazole, KTZ; ketoconazole.
ND; not detected.

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