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Table 1 Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) of psychological measures for participants of both groups

From: A relaxation technique enhances psychological well-being and immune parameters in elderly people from a nursing home: A randomized controlled study

Variable

Group

A M ± SD

Mann-WhitneyU

B M ± SD

Mann-WhitneyU

C M ± SD

Mann-WhitneyU

Wilcoxon’sT A vs. B

Wilcoxon’sT A vs. C

   

z

p

 

z

p

 

z

p

z

p

z

p

SWLS

TG

16.46 ± 5.24

-0.39

0.69

17.92 ± 3.71

-0.34

0.72

16.91 ± 4.74

-1.07

0.28

-1.53

0.12

0.00

1.00

 

CG

17.80 ± 3.34

  

17.13 ± 5.17

  

18.93 ± 3.84

  

-0.51

0.60

-0.94

0.34

Positive Affect

TG

2.85 ± 1.34

-1.85

0.06

2.54 ± 0.97

-0.19

0.84

2.73 ± 1.10

-0.62

0.53

-0.78

0.43

-0.99

0.31

 

CG

2.00 ± 1.11

  

2.40 ± 1.24

  

2.40 ± 1.24

  

-1.22

0.22

-1.23

0.21

Negative Affect

TG

3.15 ± 1.21

-1.59

0.11

2.38 ± 0.96

-0.55

0.58

3.00 ± 1.34

-0.80

0.42

-1.89

0.05

-0.36

0.71

 

CG

2.36 ± 1.34

  

2.60 ± 1.12

  

2.60 ± 1.24

  

-0.18

0.85

-0.36

0.71

Affect:

TG

-0.31 ± 1.60

-0.47

0.63

0.15 ± 0.69

-0.83

0.40

-0.27 ± 0.90

-0.29

0.76

-0.99

0.32

-0.66

0.50

Hedonic balance

CG

-0.36 ± 1.39

  

-0.20 ± 1.21

  

-0.20 ± 1.08

  

-0.85

0.39

-0.55

0.58

Affect:

TG

4.69 ± 1.60

-0.47

0.63

5.15 ± 0.69

-0.83

0.40

4.73 ± 0.90

-0.29

0.76

-0.99

0.32

-0.66

0.50

Standardized ABS

CG

4.64 ± 1.39

  

4.80 ± 1.21

  

4.80 ± 1.08

  

-0.08

0.39

-0.55

0.58

NHP

              

 Energy

TG

1.77 ± 1.17

-0.40

0.68

2.00 ± 1.15

-0.92

0.35

1.36 ± 1.43

-0.51

0.60

-0.87

0.38

-0.96

0.33

 

CG

1.53 ± 1.30

  

1.60 ± 1.12

  

1.53 ± 1.19

  

-0.44

0.65

0.00

1.00

 Pain

TG

3.62 ± 2.90

-1.00

0.31

3.46 ± 3.10

-0.67

0.49

2.91 ± 2.51

-0.13

0.89

-0.10

0.91

-1.02

0.30

 

CG

2.60 ± 2.64

  

2.87 ± 3.27

  

3.00 ± 3.16

  

-0.27

0.78

-0.49

0.62

 Emotional

TG

4.85 ± 1.68

-2.01

0.04

3.54 ± 1.85

-0.02

0.98

3.64 ± 2.98

-0.18

0.85

-2.22

0.02

-1.79

0.07

 Reactions

CG

3.53 ± 1.85

  

3.73 ± 2.31

  

3.13 ± 1.88

  

-0.14

0.88

-0.71

0.47

 Sleep

TG

2.54 ± 1.56

-0.46

0.63

2.46 ± 1.61

-0.12

0.90

3.09 ± 1.30

-1.36

0.17

-0.58

0.56

-1.41

0.15

 

CG

2.27 ± 1.67

  

2.53 ± 1.85

  

2.13 ± 1.92

  

-1.15

0.24

-0.43

0.66

 Social

TG

1.23 ± 1.24

-0.26

0.79

0.85 ± 0.99

-0.53

0.59

0.91 ± 1.22

-0.08

0.93

-0.50

0.13

-1.29

0.19

 Isolation

CG

1.33 ± 1.23

  

1.27 ± 1.49

  

1.13 ± 1.46

  

-0.06

0.95

-0.88

0.37

 Physical

TG

4.15 ± 2.12

-0.81

0.41

4.31 ± 2.81

-1.06

0.28

3.36 ± 2.46

-0.07

0.93

-0.41

0.68

-1.93

0.05

 Mobility

CG

3.67 ± 2.29

  

3.13 ± 2.67

  

3.33 ± 2.19

  

-1.24

0.21

-0.81

0.41

 NHP Total

TG

18.15 ± 7.49

-1.08

0.27

16.62 ± 8.33

-0.43

0.66

15.27 ± 7.88

-0.39

0.69

-1.02

0.30

-1.89

0.05

 

CG

14.93 ± 6.93

  

15.13 ± 9.78

  

14.27 ± 9.07

  

-0.11

0.90

-0.66

0.50

Benson’s Five

TG

2.85 ± 1.28

-1.18

0.23

1.83 ± 1.03

-0.40

0.68

2.36 ± 1.43

-0.79

0.42

-2.04

0.04

-0.95

0.34

Symptoms

CG

2.27 ± 1.53

  

2.00 ± 1.20

  

1.87 ± 1.51

  

-0.81

0.41

-1.11

0.26

  1. Note: Between-group comparisons (Mann–Whitney U test) at three assessment times; and within-subject analyses (Wilcoxon’s T) comparing pre-treatment assessment (A) with post-treatment assessment (B) and follow-up assessment (C). TG: Treatment Group; CG: Waitlist Control Group; M: Mean (SD: Standard Deviation); ABS: Affect Balance Scale; SWLS: Satisfaction with Life Scale; NHP: Nottingham Health Profile.
  2. Bold text: p < 0.05.
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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

ISSN: 2662-7671

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