Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway

Table 3 Total score for the expression of β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in colonic tissue

Groups	Normal	AOM alone	AOM + 10% (w/w) of brewers’ rice	AOM + 20% (w/w) of brewers’ rice	AOM + 40% (w/w) of brewers’ rice	p
Beta-catenin	0	115.05 ± 3.06^c	102.60 ± 1.00^bc	98.82 ± 0.58^b	64.72 ± 1.53^a	0
COX-2	49.03 ± 4.93^a	123.45 ± 2.65^b	117.84 ± 5.57^b	106.32 ± 4.93^b	95.47 ± 1.53^b	0
Ki-67	0	107.42 ± 4.51^c	95.41 ± 6.51^bc	54.31 ± 4.36^ab	43.12 ± 5.69^a	0.003

Each value expressed as mean ± SD of three determinations. Value in the same row with different superscript letter indicates significant difference by Tukey test (P<0.05). Administration of 20% and 40% (w/w) of brewers’ rice significantly reduced β-catenin expression compared to the AOM-alone group (P<0.05). However, the COX-2 expression did not significantly differ between the AOM-alone group and the brewers’ rice-fed groups (P>0.05). In Ki-67, administration of 20% and 40% (w/w) of brewers’ rice significantly reduced in cell proliferation compared to the AOM-alone group (P<0.05).

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