Figure 5

Immunohistochemical staining of β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67. The expression of β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in normal (Group 1), AOM alone (untreated) (Group 2) compared to treatment groups of rats with 10% (Group 3), 20% (Group 4), and 40% (Group 5) (w/w) of brewers’ rice (n = 3). Expression of β-catenin showed membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasmic staining: strong β-catenin in Group 2, weaker staining of β-catenin in Group 3 and Group 4, and weakest staining of β-catenin in Group 5. Expression of COX-2 in cytoplasm of colonic cells: strong COX-2 in Group 2 and Group 3, weaker staining of COX-2 in Group 4 and Group 5, and weakest staining of COX-2 in Group 1. Immunoreactivity of Ki-67 in colonic sections showed a sequence reduction of proliferative activity of the nucleus (Group 3, 4, and 5). Beta-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in Group 1 (Magnification 200x), β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5 (Magnification 400x).