Outcome Variable | Lifestyle + DS | Lifestyle + GI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Change | Baseline | Change | |
Adiposity | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 35.1 ± 4.6 | 0.16 ± 1.37 | 36.2 ± 5.9 | 0.77 ± 1.18 |
BMI-Z score | 2.23 ± 0.22 | -0.01 ± 0.13 | 2.30 ± 0.4 | 0.04 ± 0.09 |
% Body fat | 37.8 ± 8.4 | 0.39 ± 5.3 | 41.5 ± 7.4 | 0.78 ± 4.0 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 111.6 ± 10.3 (13) | -0.77 ± 3.2 (13) | 118.1 ± 13.6 (14) | 0.64 ± 1.6 (14) |
Insulin sensitivity/Resistance | ||||
Insulin sensitivity (×10-4 /(μU/ml)/min) | 1.74 ± 0.93 | 0.43 ± 0.69 | 1.28 ± 0.65 (14) | -0.05 ± 0.65† (14) |
HOMA-IRI | 4.02 ± 3.36 | -0.86 ± 1.7 | 5.20 ± 2.30 | -0.78 ± 2.1 |
Stress/HPA axis | ||||
Perceived stress | 29.6 ± 8.9 | 0.07 ± 7.68 | 29.8 ± 6.6 | -2.00 ± 7.13 |
Serum cortisol (μg/dl) | 13.3 ± 4.5 | -0.89 ± 5.84 | 11.0 ± 4.2 | 0.64 ± 3.99 |
Urine free cortisol (μg/m2/8 hrs) | 3.20 ± 1.44 (13) | 1.71 ± 3.15 (13) | 3.98 ± 2.05 | -0.57 ± 3.70† |
Nocturnal cortisol rise (μg/dl) | 0.66 ± 0.56 (12) | 0.67 ± 1.26 (9) | 0.88 ± 0.42 (9) | -0.24 ± 0.42† (9) |
Cortisol awakening response (μg/dl) | 1.03 ± 0.47 (11) | -0.68 ± 1.17 (9) | 0.69 ± 0.56 (13) | 0.03 ± 0.70† (13) |