Antimalarial activity of plumbagin in vitro and in animal models

Table 3 Antimalarial activity of plumbagin compared with chloroquine and negative control (treated with 20% Tween-80) against P. berghei ANKA strain in mice (4-day suppressive test)

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg body weight/day)	Parasite density (range: %) on day 4	% Suppression at day 4	Survival time (days)
Negative control (20% Tween 80)	-	37.8 (46.9-41.8)^a	0	7 (6–7)
Plumbagin	1	35.6 (31.7–39.6)	5.8	7.5 (6–9)
	10	35.05 (31.2–38.8)	7.3	8 (8–9)
	25	22.3 (19.2–25.7)	41	10 (9–11)
Chloroquine	10	0 (0–0)^b	100^c	> 15^d

Data are presented as median (range) values (6 mice for each group) of parasite density, % suppression and survival time.
^a Significantly lower than the groups treated with 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight/day of plumbagin and 10 mg/kg body weight/day of chloroquine (p < 0.05).
^b Significantly higher than negative control and the groups treated with 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight/day of plumbagin (p < 0.05).
^c Significantly higher than negative control and the groups treated with 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight/day of plumbagin (p < 0.05).
^d Significantly longer than the groups treated with 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight/day of plumbagin and 10 mg/kg body weight/day chloroquine (p < 0.05).

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