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Table 3 Summary data on prevalence of dietary supplement use by military personnel by gender and service

From: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of dietary supplement use by military personnel

Dietary supplement

Group

Studies (reference number)

Individual study prevalence, mean (95% CI)

Total sample size (n)

Summary prevalence estimate (95% CI) (%)

Homogeneity of summary prevalence estimate

   

(%)

  

(Q Statistic p-value)

Any

Army Men

Brasfield [6]

59 (56–63)

4,871

55(53–56)

0.77

Bray et al. [19]

55 (53–57)

Lieberman [26]

55 (50–60)

Lieberman et al. [8]

53 (50–56)

Navy Men

Bray et al. [19]

60 (58–62)

3,341

  

AF Men

Bray et al. [19]

60 (58–62)

3,193

  

Marine Men

Bray et al. [19]

61 (59–63)

2,767

  

Army Women

Brasfield [6]

70 (62–78)

1,844

65(60–70)

0.14

Bray et al. [19]

66 (63–69)

Lieberman [26]

70 (56–84)

Lieberman et al. [8]

57 (49–66)

Navy Women

Bray et al. [19]

71 (68–74)

1,286

  

AF Women

Bray et al. [19]

76 (74–78)

1.331

  

Marine Women

Bray et al. [19]

71 (67–75)

589

  

Army Officers in Training, Women

Klicka et al. [15]

35 (25–45)

136

36(28–44)

0.72

Arsenault et al. [35]

38 (25–51)

Navy SEALs

Schneider et al. [21]

78 (70–87)

1,479

76(65–85)

<0.01

Army SF

Bovill et al. [12]

90 (85–95)

Army Rangers

Deuster et al. [5]

82 (70–94)

Army Rangers

Johnson et al. [38]

56 (50–62)

Army Rangers

Lieberman [27]

81 (78–84)

Army SF

Lieberman [28]

65 (57–73)

Army SF

Lieberman et al. [8]

77 (57–97)

Multivitamin

Army Men

Warber et al. [16]

24 (22–26)

7,418

32(26–39)

<0.01

Brasfield [6]

33 (30–36)

Bray et al. [19]

38 (36–40)

Lieberman [26]

30 (26–34)

Lieberman [8]

37 (34–40)

Navy Men

Bray et al. [19]

46 (45–48)

3,341

  

AF Men

Bray et al. [19]

47 (45–49)

3,193

  

Marine Men

Bray et al. [19]

41 (39–43)

2,767

  

Army Women

Warber et al. [16]

35 (31–39)

1,610

40(32–48)

<0.01

Brasfield [6]

40 (31–49)

Bray et al. [19]

50 (47–53)

Lieberman [26]

28 (14–42)

Lieberman et al. 2010 [8]

41 (33–49)

Navy Women

Bray et al. [19]

55 (52–58)

1,286

  

AF Women

Bray et al. [19]

63 (60–66)

1,331

  

Marine Women

Bray et al. [19]

53 (49–57)

589

  

Navy SEALS

Schneider et al. [21]

26 (17–35)

1,147

37(25–52)

<0.01

Army SF

Bovill et al. [12]

55 (46–64)

Army Rangers

Lieberman [27]

23 (20–26)

Army SF

Lieberman [28]

32 (25–39)

Lieberman et al. [8]

64 (41–87)

Any vitamin or mineral

Army Men

Carlson et al. [14]

7 (1–13)

3,720

18(13–26)

<0.01

Bray et al. [19]

24 (22–26)

Lieberman et al. [8]

17 (15–20)

Navy Men

Bray et al. [19]

27 (25–29)

3,341

  

AF Men

Bray et al. [19]

25 (24–27)

3,193

  

Marine Men

Bray et al. [19]

24 (22–26)

2,767

  

Army Women

Bray et al. [19]

34 (31–37)

952

29(19–41)

0.01

Lieberman et al. [8]

23 (16–30)

Navy Women

Bray et al. [19]

36 (33–39)

1,286

  

AF Women

Bray et al. [19]

40 (37–43)

1,331

  

Marine Women

Bray et al. [19]

33 (29–37)

589

  

Vitamin C

Army Men

Brasfield [6]

17 (14–20)

1,609

15(12–20)

0.07

Lieberman et al. [26]

13 (10–16)

Army Women

Brasfield [6]

15 (9–21)

255

15(10–21)

0.19

Lieberman et al. 2008 [26]

13 (3–23)

Army SF

Bovill 2003 [12]

20 (13–27)

271

15(8–26)

0.04

Lieberman [28]

11 (6–16)

Vitamin E

Army Men

Brasfield [6]

10 (8–12)

514

8(5–13)

0.12

Lieberman [26]

6 (4–8)

Army Women

Brasfield [6]

7 (3–12)

164

7(4–12)

0.95

Lieberman [26]

8 (1–16)

Army SF

Bovill et al. [12]

12 (6–18)

271

9(6–15)

0.21

Lieberman [28]

7 (3–11)

Calcium

Army Men

Brasfield [6]

12 (10–14)

1,194

9(4–17)

<0.01

Lieberman [26]

6 (4–8)

Army Women

Brasfield [6]

14 (8–20)

164

14(10–20)

0.84

Lieberman[26]

15 (4–26)

Iron

Army Women

Brasfield [6]

12 (6–18)

164

12(8–18)

0.72

Lieberman [26]

10 (1–19)

Protein

Army SF

Bovill et al. [12]

24 (16–32)

271

20(13–30)

0.08

Lieberman [28]

16 (10–22)

Protein or amino acid

Navy SEALs

Schneider et al. [21]

18 (15–21)

876

21(11–36)

<0.01

Army Rangers

Lieberman [27]

12 (5–19)

Army SF

Lieberman et al. [8]

47 (23–71)

Creatine

Army Men

Brasfield [6]

16 (13–18)

1,194

9(3–27)

<0.01

Lieberman [26]

5 (3–7)

Navy SEALs

Schneider et al. [21]

32 (22–42)

1,169

20(15–25)

0.02

Army SF

Bovill et al. [12]

18 (11–25)

Army Rangers

Deuster et al.[5]

13 (2–24)

Army Rangers

Lieberman [27]

19 (16–22)

Army SF

Lieberman [28]

16 (10–22)

Sport drinks

Army Men

Lieberman [26]

20 (16–24)

1,303

22(19–25)

0.22

Lieberman et al. [8]

23 (20–26)

Army Women

Lieberman [26]

28 (14–42)

171

25(19–32)

0.24

Lieberman et al. [8]

24 (17–31)

Navy SEALs

Schneider et al. [21]

19 (11–27)

1,147

39(26–55)

<0.01

Army SF

Bovill et al. [12]

71 (63–79)

Army Rangers

Lieberman [27]

41 (38–44)

Army SF

Lieberman [28]

36 (28–44)

Army SF

Lieberman et al. [8]

32 (10–54)

Sport bars

Army Men

Warber et al. [16]

8 (7–9)

3,890

7(5–9)

0.03

Lieberman [26]

5 (3–7)

Lieberman et al. [8]

6 (4–8)

Army Women

Warber et al. [16]

3 (2–5)

625

3(2–5)

0.65

Lieberman et al. [8]

4 (1–7)

Navy SEALs

Schneider et al. [21]

40 (30–50)

1,147

19(6–46)

<0.01

Army SF

Bovill et al. [12]

52 (43–61)

Army Rangers

Lieberman [27]

6 (4–8)

Army SF

Lieberman [28]

15 (9–21)

Army SF

Lieberman et al. [8]

7 (1–14)

  1. Abbreviations: AF = Air Force; SEAL = Sea, Air, Land (US Navy special operations personnel); SF = Special Forces; CI = confidence interval.