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Table 2 Antimicrobial activities (in terms of inhibition zone in mm) where bacterial growth was inhibited by plant extracts

From: Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial study of some selected medicinal plants used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) as a potential source to cure infectious diseases

Plant species

Fractions

Antimicrobial activity against

  

B. subtilis

K. pneumonia

S. aureus

E. coli

S. typhi

S. dysentriae

S. cerevisiae

Calotropis procera

Aqueous

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

15.0 ± 0.25

0

14.1 ± 0.25

125 ± 0.20

13.6 ± 0.25

15.2 ± 0.20

14.4 ± 0.264

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.152

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.251

Artemisia maritima

Aqueous

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

12.2 ± 0.25

12.4 ± 0.37

15.1 ± 0.36

12.8 ± 0.25

13.70 ± 0.41

14.3 ± 0.30

15.6 ± 0.40

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Neolitsea chinensis

Aqueous

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

n-Hexane

-

-

-

19.36 ± 0.25

17.7 ± 0.26

-

14.86 ± 0.11

Ethanol

20.1 ± 0.25

-

18.6 ± 0.23

20.0 ± 0.25

19.5 ± 0.20

19.3 ± 0.05

18.7 ± 0.15

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Azadirachta indica

Aqueous

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

22.5 ± 0.40

-

17.5 ± 0.30

23.8 ± 0.20

23.9 ± 0.05

19.6 ± 0.15

21.8 ± 0.11

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Cedrela toona

Aqueous

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

15.4 ± 0.11

-

13.4 ± 0.25

14.5 ± 0.25

-

-

15.2 ± 0.36

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Melia azedarach

Aqueous

-

-

13.7 ± 0.40

-

-

-

-

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Eucalyptus globulus

Aqueous

24.1 ± 0.15

28.4 ± 0.30

23.8 ± 0.15

20.0 ± 0.20

18.8 ± 0.17

21.5 ± 0.25

27.5 ± 0.15

n-Hexane

14.2 ± 0.32

14.5 ± 0.61

12.7 ± 0.25

14.7 ± 0.30

13.2 ± 0.35

15.7 ± 0.25

15.2 ± 0.15

Ethanol

29.36 ± 0.15

28.73 ± 0.30

26.96 ± 0.15

19.36 ± 0.40

23.6 ± 0.36

25.86 ± 0.11

27.16 ± 0.20

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Punica granatum

Aqueous

14.4 ± 0.32

19.8 ± 0.15

18.7 ± 0.25

13.8 ± 0.11

15.5 ± 0.25

12.6 ± 0.20

15.8 ± 0.15

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

22.5 ± 0.25

23.2 ± 0.20

23.8 ± 0.11

21.5 ± 0.37

23.8 ± 0.15

22.6 ± 0.36

23. 6 ± 0.20

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Nigella sativa

Aqueous

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

17.5 ± 0.30

16.0 ± 0.05

18.9 ± 0.15

17.5 ± 0.25

19.7 ± 0.15

15.8 ± 0.11

-

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

Bergenia ciliata

Aqueous

15.4 ± 0.26

19.5 ± 0.15

23.7 ± 0.15

23.5 ± 0.32

20.0 ± 0.25

28.6 ± 0.15

23.8 ± 0.15

 

n-Hexane

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ethanol

22.830.15

18.6 ± 0.15

24.0 ± 0.10

23.7 ± 0.25

22.8 ± 0.15

29.4 ± 0.47

23.4 ± 0.26

Tetracyclin

36.2 ± 1.00

33.6 ± 0.85

32.7 ± 0.90

37.4 ± 0.55

33.8 ± 0.55

34.5 ± 0.72

38 ± 0.15

 

Streptomycin

33.4 ± 0.40

32 ± 0.20

34.3 ± 0.55

35.2 ± 0.26

36.2 + 0.10

36 ± 1.00

35.2 ± 0.25

  1. ±: mean standard deviation of three replicates; −: no zone of inhibition.