| |
Phase 1
|
Phase 2
|
Early post-test
|
Late post-test
|
|---|
|
(Pre-20 to pre-10 min)
|
(Pre-10 min to 0 min)
|
(30 min to SS15 min)
|
(SS15min to SS30 min)
|
|---|
|
SS
|
SS + TENS
|
SS
|
SS + TENS
|
SS
|
SS + TENS
|
SS
|
SS + TENS
|
|---|
|
HR (bpm)
|
73.09 ± 13.27
|
76.65 ± 8.95
|
74.22 ± 14.36
|
74.22 ± 9.15
|
77.15 ± 18.10
|
75.41 ± 9.64*
|
78.59 ± 13.85#
|
76.23 ± 7.10*
|
|
LF/(LF + HF)
|
0.52 ± 0.17
|
0.60 ± 0.06
|
0.51 ± 0.18
|
0.57 ± 0.08
|
0.70 ± 0.11#
|
0.55 ± 0.11*
|
0.75 ± 0.06#
|
0.58 ± 0.10*
|
|
HF/(LF + HF)
|
0.48 ± 0.17
|
0.40 ± 0.06
|
0.49 ± 0.18
|
0.43 ± 0.08
|
0.30 ± 0.11#
|
0.45 ± 0.11*
|
0.25 ± 0.06#
|
0.42 ± 0.10*
|
|
LF/HF
|
1.43 ± 0.87
|
1.66 ± 0.44
|
1.37 ± 0.75
|
1.51 ± 0.50
|
3.00 ± 1.46#
|
1.42 ± 0.57*
|
3.66 ± 1.74#
|
1.68 ± 0.78*
|
- SS: simulation sickness; HR: heart rate; LF: low frequency, HF: high frequency; % change compared with pre-20 min presented in parentheses.
- *p < 0.05 relative to SS; # < 0.05 relative to baseline (Pre-20 min).
