Effect of an office worksite-based yoga program on heart rate variability: outcomes of a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Summary of primary and secondary outcome measures

	Yoga group		Control group		Effect size	p^*
Outcome measure	Week 0	Week 11	Week 0	Week 11	Effect size	p^*
*HRV and Heart Rate*
Log HF Power	2.75 ± 0.63	2.51 ± 0.83	2.57 ± 0.58	2.53 ± 0.55	0.02	0.48
Log SDNN	1.81 ± 0.21	1.76 ± 0.28	1.69 ± 0.19	1.68 ± 0.19	0.01	0.70
Log RMSSD	1.73 ± 0.32	1.59 ± 0.42	1.58 ± 0.29	1.62 ± 0.27	0.05	0.22
pNN50	27.7 ± 27.5	20.7 ± 25.3	16.0 ± 16.6	19.4 ± 18.4	0.12	0.04
Log LF Power	2.89 ± 0.57	2.86 ± 0.73	2.61 ± 0.45	2.55 ± 0.49	0.01	0.53
Log Total Power	3.34 ± 0.50	3.26 ± 0.64	3.18 ± 0.42	3.09 ± 0.42	0.01	0.66
Log LF:HF	0.13 ± 0.33	0.35 ± 0.43	0.04 ± 0.40	0.04 ± 0.38	0.12	0.04
Heart Rate (beats/min)	62 ± 6	65 ± 9	68 ± 10	67 ± 9	0.07	0.13
*Musculoskeletal Fitness*
Sit and reach (cm)	27.8 ± 10.0	31.0 ± 8.7	27.3 ± 11.0	26.4 ± 10.4	0.35	<0.001
Push-up (reps)	17 ± 10	21 ± 11	17 ± 13	20 ± 13	0.04	0.27
Side bridge (s)	60.1 ± 35.3	60.8 ± 38.7	47.0 ± 27.2	42.9 ± 24.7	0.01	0.59
*Psychological Measures*
Trait Anxiety (STAI)	36.1 ± 10.4	33.1 ± 9.7	38.6 ± 7.8	35.3 ± 7.2	0	0.96
State Anxiety (STAI)	32.7 ± 6.2	27.9 ± 7.6	36.1 ± 9.7	32.1 ± 7.8	0.04	0.25
General Job Satisfaction (JIG)	46.9 ± 7.6	47.1 ± 7.7	46.3 ± 6.0	46.7 ± 6.2	0.01	0.52
PCS (SF36)	49.4 ± 2.9	47.5 ± 2.7	47.4 ± 5.1	46.9 ± 4.8	0.04	0.27
MCS (SF36)	45.3 ± 8.9	47.5 ± 10.6	45.2 ± 923	48.5 ± 7.7	0.01	0.66

Data presented as mean + standard deviation.
^*Estimates based upon the final model including the baseline assessment value, age and body mass index as covariates.
SDNN, standard deviation of the normal-normal interval; RMSSD, root-mean-square of the successive normal sinus RR interval difference; pNN50, percentage of absolute differences between successive normal RR intervals that exceed 50 ms; HF, high frequency power; LF, low frequency power; LF:HF, ratio of low frequency to high frequency power; STAI, State-trait anxiety inventory; JIG, Job in general scale; SF36, medical outcomes trust short-form 36 health status questionnaire; PCS, physical component scale; MCS, mental component scale.

ISSN: 2662-7671