Figure 4

Mitochondrial disturbances. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to rotenone at 50 nM after 1 h pre-treatment with either A) methanol or B) ethyl acetate plant extracts following 24 h exposure period. Significant differences from the rotenone control are indicated by* representing p value < 0.05, while significant differences from vehicle controls are indicated by ■, also representing p value < 0.05. PC = positive control (minocycline at 10 μM); Rot = rotenone; Untr = Vehicle controls; Valin = valinomycin. (The dashed-line indicates MMP in the vehicle controls while the dotted-line is indicative of MMP levels in cells exposed to rotenone alone).