Table 2 The composition of phenolic compounds in betel quid (with and without calcium hydroxide) and that of its ingredients

Betel leaf

1.454

138.03

137.07

p-hydroxybenzoic acid*

44.9

2.102

164.16

163.09

Eugenol

2.95

2.427

338.19

337.19

4-p-coumaroylquinic acid

1.6

Areca nut

1.128

866

865.20

Procyanidin trimer

1.56

1.290

578

577.12

Procyanidin dimers (B1)

25.34

1.614

290.26

289.19

Catechin*

41.44

2.585

866

865.37

Procyanidin trimers

2.93

2.909

578

577.24

Procyanidin dimers (B2)

0.6

3.718

624

623.16

isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside

3.53

Gambir

0.805

192.17

191.05

Quinic acid*

21.77

1.293

290.26

289.17

(+)-catechin

6.02

1.619

578.52

577.19

Procyanidin dimer (B1)

17.96

2.268

562

561.12

(epi)afzelechin-(epi)catechin

7.06

2.431

580.1

579.10

Proanythocyanidin dimer

12.16

2.593

578.52

577.15

Proanthocyanidin dimer

0.8

2.917

290.26

289.12

(-)-epicatechin

1.61

3.726

290.26

289.12

Catechin Isomer

5.34

5.505

578.52

577.11

Proanthocyanidin dimer

3.05

5.342

580.1

579.10

Proanthocyanidin dimer

3.07

6.28

610

609.19

Quercetine diglycoside

14.79

6.649

450.39

451.22

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside

4.3

7.631

302.24

301.11

Quercetin

2.02

8.116

286.06

285.08

Kaempferol

0.05

Betel quid

0.969

192.17

191.07

Quinic acid*

10.76

1.295

164

163.08

p-coumaric acid

4.55

2.426

164

163.05

Eugenol

3.89

2.587

134.18

133.02

Chavicol

1.26

3.071

138.03

137.03

p-hydroxybenzoic acid

1.52

6.460

150.174

149.08

hydroxychavicol

0.62

8.078

330

329.24

3,30-di-O-methyl ellagic acid

0.16

Betel quid with calcium hydroxide

1.453

164.2

163.05

Eugenol

1.37

2.425

164.2

163.04

p-coumaric acid

1.61

7.098

150.174

149.07

Hydroxychavicol*

2.1