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Table 1 Total phenolic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of plant materials

From: Antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of Piper betle, Areca catechu, Uncaria gambir and betel quid with and without calcium hydroxide

Sample

TPC (μg TAE/mg)

DPPH (IC50) μg/mL

FRAP (μmol Fe(II)/mg)

*Lipid peroxidation inhibition (%)

Betel leaf

77.2 ± 12.6

179.5 ± 93.1

357.3 ± 129.5

83.0 ± 0.2

Areca nut

858.8 ± 53.9

7.5 ± 0.5

4127.8 ± 192.8

78.8 ± 1.0

Gambir

1142.5 ± 106.8

6.4 ± 0.8

5717.8 ± 537.6

75.2 ± 1.2

Betel quid

140.0 ± 22.3

59.4 ± 4.4

1022.2 ± 235.7

82.7 ± 0.9

Betel quid + CaOH2

45.4 ± 3.7

Not detected

71.8 ± 29.8

82.2 ± 0.5

Positive control

-

4.8 ± 0.5a

16813.3 ± 131.1a

18.1 ± 2.8b

  1. Values are expressed as means ± SD (n = 9). Values within each column were significantly difference at p < 0.05 (Kruskall Wallis test). Positive control: aAscorbic acid and bα-tocopherol. *Sample tested at concentration 50 μg/mL after seven days of incubation.