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Table 2 Biological activity of methanol extract of E. hirta (mg/mL) against resistant clinical isolates and standard strains

From: Chemical analysis, inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm eradication potential of Euphorbia hirta L. against clinical isolates and standard strains

Bacteria

Methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta

Cefepime

 

MIC

MBC

MBIC

MBEC

MIC

MBC

MBIC

MBEC

Resistant clinical isolates

        

Biofilm-producing

        

Klebsiella pneumonia

1

>1

>1

>1

0.031

0.062

1

>1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

0.062

0.125

0.25

0.5

0.015

0.031

0.125

0.5

Salmonella typhi

0.25

0.5

1

>1

0.062

0.125

0.5

>1

Shigella dysenteriae

1

>1

>1

>1

0.031

0.062

>1

>1

Enterobacter aerogens

1

>1

>1

>1

0.062

0.25

1

>1

Escherichia coli

0.5

>1

1

>1

0.015

0.031

0.5

1

Enterococcus faecalis

0.125

0.25

0.5

1

NA

NA

NA

NA

Proteus mirabilis

0.5

>1

>1

>1

0.031

0.125

>1

>1

Proteus vulgaris

0.5

>1

1

>1

0.062

0.25

1

>1

Bacillus subtilis

0.25

0.5

1

>1

0.031

0.125

>1

>1

Bacillus cereus

0.125

0.25

0.5

>1

NA

NA

NA

NA

Non-biofilm producing

        

Staphylococcus aureus

0.125

0.25

0.25

0.5

0.015

0.031

0.5

1

Standard strain

        

Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)

0.5

1

>1

>1

0.015

0.031

0.5

1

Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)

0.25

0.5

1

>1

0.015

0.062

0.25

1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)

0.125

0.25

0.5

1

0.031

0.062

0.5

1

Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633)

0.5

1

1

>1

0.125

0.5

1

>1

Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212)

0.5

1

>1

>1

NA

NA

NA

NA

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

0.5

1

1

>1

0.062

0.125

0.5

>1

(MRSA) (ATCC 33591)

        

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis

0.5

>1

1

>1

NA

NA

NA

NA

(VRE) (ATCC 51299)

        

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium

1

>1

>1

>1

0.125

0.25

>1

>1

(VRE) (ATCC 700221)

        
  1. aValues expressed are mean ± standard deviation of three experiments; values given as mg/ml.
  2. bNA, not active.