Eye exercises of acupoints: their impact on refractive error and visual symptoms in Chinese urban children

Table 2 Children’s spherical equivalent and odds ratio for myopia by each item of the eye exercises of acupoints questionnaire

	SE (mean ± SD)	Univariate OR (95% CI)	Multiple OR (95% CI)^*	Multiple OR (95% CI)^*
Performed eye exercises of acupoints (in school)
No	-1.60 ± 1.71
Yes	-1.70 ± 2.38	0.62 (0.17, 2.25)	1.91 (0.37, 9.76)	1.46 (1.32, 1.63)
Times per day (in school)
< 2	-1.92 ± 2.28
≥ 2	-1.66 ± 2.39	0.58 (0.29, 1.13)	0.61 (0.26, 1.45)	1.51 (1.35, 1.69)
Serious or not
No/moderate	-1.98 ± 2.40
Yes	-1.36 ± 2.31^†	0.51 (0.33, 0.78)	0.71 (0.41, 1.24)	1.50 (1.34, 1.68)
Serious times per week
None	-1.85 ± 1.73
< 3	-1.45 ± 2.53	0.58 (0.22, 1.52)	1.08 (0.33, 3.50)
≥ 5	-1.75 ± 2.40	0.56 (0.23, 1.32)	0.94 (0.32, 2.73)	1.51 (1.35, 1.70)
Eye exercises of acupoints were taught by
Atlas/classmate	-1.77 ± 2.66
Teacher/doctor/healthy counselor	-1.69 ± 2.32	0.97 (0.53, 1.76)	1.16 (0.55, 2.46)	1.51 (1.35, 1.70)
Speed
Faster/slower than the broadcast & At will	-1.70 ± 1.80
Following the broadcast	-1.70 ± 2.47	0.61 (0.32, 1.17)	0.80 (0.35, 1.85)	1.51 (1.35, 1.69)
Acquaintance of eye exercises acupoints
No/Moderate	-1.85 ± 2.40
Yes	-1.48 ± 2.32	0.92 (0.60, 1.43)	1.11 (0.64, 1.95)	1.51 (1.35, 1.70)
Perform additional eye exercises of acupoints (outside school)
No	-1.49 ± 2.32
Yes	-2.15 ± 2.44^†	1.58 (0.98, 2.57)	1.82 (0.99, 3.34)	1.51 (1.35, 1.70)

SE: spherical equivalent; SD: standard deviation; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; the first group was the reference group.
Multiple OR^*: adjusted for children’s age, gender, average parental refractive error, times spend on near work and outdoor, and item of eye exercises questionnaire; column 3 presented the OR (95% CI) of item of eye exercises questionnaire; column 4 presented the OR (95% CI) of item of children’s age.
^†: significantly different as compared to the first group.