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Table 2 Bronchoalveolar analysis

From: The standardized herbal formula, PM014, ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    

PM014

PM014

PM014

PM014

(× 104/ml)

CON

CS

ROF

0.1 mg/kg

1 mg/kg

10 mg/kg

100 mg/kg

Total cells

2.80 ± 1.10

12.00 ± 1.79***

6.20 ± 1.10#

11.60 ± 2.97

11.20 ± 3.90

10.40 ± 4.78

5.67 ± 2.66##

Neutrophils

0.00 ± 0.00

0.31 ± 0.02***

0.08 ± 0.03##

0.28 ± 0.11

0.26 ± 0.12

0.19 ± 0.05

0.06 ± 0.07###

Macrophages

2.78 ± 1.08

12.30 ± 1.21***

6.37 ± 1.20##

11.20 ± 2.85

11.17 ± 4.41

8.24 ± 2.40

4.70 ± 2.29###

Lymphocytes

0.01 ± 0.02

0.17 ± 0.03***

0.09 ± 0.04#

0.12 ± 0.05

0.13 ± 0.04

0.11 ± 0.06

0.03 ± 0.02###

  1. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. CON control group, CS cigarette smoke exposed group, and ROF roflumilast treated group. Statistical analyses were conducted by one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison test (***p < 0.001 vs. CON, ###p < 0.001, ##p < 0.01, #p < 0.05 vs. CS; n = 4–6).