Figure 3

Effects of Dioscorea villosa (DV) on the formalin-induced nociception in mice (first phase – Figure 2 a and second phase Figure 2 b). Vehicle (control) and DV (100, 200 and 400 mg⁄kg) were administered per os or p.o. 1,0 hr before formalin injection. The acetylsali-cylic acid (ASA) or morphine (MOR) were administered i.p. 0.5 hr before formalin injection. Each column represents mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6). **p < 0.001 or ***p < 0.0001 versus control (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).