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Figure 4 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Figure 4

From: Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 modulates cytotoxic effects of protopanaxadiol on different human cancer cells

Figure 4

PPD disrupted lipid rafts in plasma membranes of cancer cells through cell type specific mechanisms. (A) K562 and HT29 cells were exposed to PPD at 0, 25 and 50 μM in presence of 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 mg/ml MβCD for 24 hr. The cell viabilities were measured using WST-1 assay. (B) K562 and HT29 cells were exposed to MβCD at 0, 1.0 or 2.5 mg/ml and PPD at 0, 25 or 50 μM for 24 hr, then expression levels of lipid raft-associated proteins were determined with Western blotting using anti-IGF-1R, -pAkt, -caspase-8, -PARP, and -Bid antibodies. (C) All experiments were repeated three times with similar results, so the means ± standard deviations of band intensities were calculated in our Western blot analyses for lipid raft-associated proteins. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 for control (vehicle) are considered as significant.

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