Table 1 Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychologicalcharacteristics of patients who used yoga for their primary medicalcomplaint (yoga users) and those who did not (yoganon-users)
From: Predictors of yoga use among internal medicine patients
| Â | Yoga non-users (n = 1858) | Yoga users (n = 303) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Age group | Â | Â | Â |
Less than 30 | 111 (5.97%) | 14 (4.62%) | 0.426 |
30 to 39 | 247 (13.29%) | 47 (15.51%) | 0.320 |
40 to 49 | 361 (19.43%) | 65 (21.45%) | 0.436 |
50 to 64 | 708 (38.11%) | 138 (45.55%) | 0.016 |
65 or greater | 431 (23.20%) | 39 (12.87%) | <0.001 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 1449 (77.99%) | 266 (87.79%) | <0.001 |
Education | Â | Â | Â |
High school graduate | 474 (26.06%) | 107 (36.03%) | 0.001 |
Employment | Â | Â | Â |
Full-time | 477 (26.75%) | 92 (31.19%) | 0.121 |
Part-time | 289 (16.21%) | 52 (17.63%) | 0.553 |
In relationship | 1100 (59.88%) | 162 (54.18%) | 0.066 |
Health behavior | Â | Â | Â |
Current smoker | 272 (21.40%) | 27 (14.21%) | 0.021 |
Past Smoker | 404 (31.79%) | 69 (36.32%) | 0.214 |
Alcohol abstainer | 764 (41.73%) | 109 (36.09%) | 0.067 |
Alcohol at least twice weekly | 308 (16.82%) | 49 (16.23%) | 0.868 |
Fast food abstainer | 78 (4.30%) | 14 (4.68%) | 0.760 |
Fast food at least twice weekly | 1573 (84.66%) | 261 (86.13%) | 0.785 |
Main diagnosis | Â | Â | Â |
Osteoarthritis | 176 (9.47%) | 22 (7.26%) | 0.238 |
Arthritis | 126 (6.78%) | 15 (4.95%) | 0.260 |
Fibromyalgia | 207 (11.14%) | 42 (13.86%) | 0.174 |
Spinal pain | 364 (19.59%) | 48 (15.84%) | 0.134 |
Headache | 208 (11.19%) | 49 (16.17%) | 0.016 |
Other pain | 206 (11.09%) | 26 (8.58%) | 0.229 |
Hypertension | 62 (3.98%) | 9 (2.97%) | 0.863 |
Ischemic cardiac disease | 22 (1.18%) | 2 (0.66%) | 0.564 |
Irritable bowel syndrome | 56 (3.01%) | 12 (3.96%) | 0.288 |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 85 (4.57%) | 23 (7.59%) | 0.032 |
Lung diseases | 92 (5.91%) | 18 (5.94%) | 0.480 |
Others | 254 (13.67%) | 36 (11.88%) | 0.467 |
Health status | Â | Â | Â |
Good, very good or excellent | 310 (16.80%) | 48 (15.84%) | 0.802 |
Mental health | Â | Â | Â |
Subthreshold anxiety | 471 (25.75%) | 80 (27.03%) | 0.668 |
Threshold anxiety | 620 (33.90%) | 130 (43.92%) | 0.001 |
Subthreshold depression | 423 (23.13%) | 93 (31.21%) | 0.003 |
Threshold depression | 410 (22.42%) | 57 (19.13%) | 0.227 |
Satisfaction | Â | Â | Â |
High satisfaction with health | 545 (29.64%) | 88 (29.14%) | 0.892 |
High satisfaction in general | 928 (50.52%) | 138 (46.00%) | 0.152 |
Health locus of control | Â | Â | Â |
High internal | 707 (38.91%) | 165 (55.18%) | <0.001 |
High external-social | 926 (51.05%) | 110 (37.29%) | <0.001 |
High external-fatalistic | 861 (47.60%) | 113 (38.18%) | 0.003 |