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Table 6 Dietary supplements used; respondents reported purposes and adverse effects (n=105)*

From: Prevalence of herbal and dietary supplement usage in Thai outpatients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional survey

Types of dietary supplement used

Frequency (%)

Purposes given by respondents

Adverse effects experienced

Vitamins and minerals

17 (16.2)

Well-being

Weight gain

Essence of chicken drink

14 (13.3)

Well-being

Increased blood sugar

Germ oil

13 (12.4)

Well-being

-

Rice Bran oil

9 (8.6)

Well-being, CKD, diabetes

-

Fish oil

8 (7.6)

Well-being, cardiovascular diseases

-

Protein

7 (6.7)

Well-being

Proteinuria

Chlorophyll

6 (5.7)

Well-being, CKD, diabetes, hypertension

-

Swiftlet’s nest drink

5 (4.8)

Well-being

-

Bee pollen

2 (1.9)

Well-being

-

Wheatgrass

2 (1.9)

Well-being

Increased SCr

Fibre

2 (1.9)

Constipation

-

Coconut oil

1 (0.9)

Well-being

Diarrhoea

  1. * Respondents reported more than one type of dietary supplement used; SCr = Serum creatinine.