Antimicrobial activity and rutin identification of honey produced by the stingless bee Melipona compressipes manaosensis and commercial honey

Table 2 Diameter of inhibition zone (mm) produced by honey from the stingless bees Melipona compressipes manaosensis collected during dry and rainy seasons for different bacterial strains, using agar-well diffusion assays

Collection season	Honey dilution^c	Inhibition zone of bacterial species^a,b
Collection season	Honey dilution^c	S. aureus	E. coli	P. vulgaris	S. sonnei	S. paratyphi	Klebsiella sp.
Rainy	Undiluted	-	15.6^A ± 0.1	-	11.2^A ± 0.2	-	-
	1:1	-	-	-	-	-	-
	1:2	-	-	-	-	-	-
	1:4	-	-	-	-	-	-
	1:6	-	-	-	-	-	-
	1:8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dry	Undiluted	18.3^A ± 0.4	16.1^B ± 0.1	24.1^A ± 0.2	12.4^B ± 0.4	-	8.2 ± 0.5
	1:1	12.6^B ± 0.3	9.2^C ± 0.1	20.3^B ± 0.5	14.6^C ± 0.2	-	-
	1:2	12.1^B ± 0.2	-	18.2^C ± 0.4	-	-	-
	1:4	-	-	15.6^D ± 0.2	12.0^B ± 0.1	-	-
	1:6	-	-	13.1^E ± 0.3	9.5^D ± 0.1	-	-
	1:8	-	-	12.8^E ± 0.2	-	-	-

^a Values are means ± standard deviations of triplicate assays of three independent experiments.
^b Averages with a same letter indicate no significant difference (p < 0.05). ^c Diluted in bidistilled water (w/w).

ISSN: 2662-7671