Plant family | Plant species | Ethnobotanical uses | Part of plant studied | Isolated metabolites | Measured activity of Isolated metabolite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthaceae | Brillantaisia lamium | The aerial part of this plant is used in the treatment of various microbial infections, such as skin diseases and infections of the urinary tract. | aerial parts | 11, 24, 25 and 26 | Antimicrobial, Tamokou et al.[73] |
Amaryllidaceae | Crinum purpurascens | The macerated leaves are used as anti-poison or as antidote of mystical poisoning. Also, an infusion of the leaves is used for the treatment of some microbial infections. | leaves | 27 and 28 | Anti-salmonellal and antibacterial, Nkanwen et al.[74] |
Asteraceae | Senecio mannii | The plant is used to treat microbial and fungal infections. | aerial parts | 29 and 30 | Antifungal, Ndom et al.[75] |
Bignoniaceae | Stereospermum zenkeri | The bark is to treat bronchitis; its roots and leaves are used to cure fever and microbial infections. | stem bark | 31 and 32 | Antimicrobial, Lenta et al.[48] |
Bombacaceae | Ceiba pentandra | The plant is well reputed in for the treatment of many illnesses, such as, headache, dizziness, constipation, skin diseases, mental troubles, and fever. | stem bark | 33 and 34 | Antifungal, Ngounou et al.[76] |
Caesalpiniaceae | Cassia petersiana | The leaves are generally used for the treatment of typhoid fever. | leaves | 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 | Antisalmonellal activity, Djemgou et al.[77], Gatsing et al.[78] |
Combretaceae | Pteleopsis hylodendron | Treatment of STDs, female sterility, kidney and liver disorders and dropsy. | bark | 41, 42, 43 and 44 | Active against Staphylococcus aureus , S . pyogenes , and Baccilus cereus, Rahman et al.[79] |
 | Terminalia superba | Used to treat gastroenteritis, diabetes, female infertility and abdominal pain. | bark | 45 and 46 | α-Glycosidase inhibition, immunoinhibitory activity, Tabopda et al.[80] |
Ebenaceae | Diospyros canaliculata | Used in the treatment of whooping cough, leprosy, snake bites, scabies, skin eruptions, dysentery, eye infections, menstrual troubles, abdominal pains, wounds, ulcers, chest pains and skin infections. | stem bark | 11, 47 and 48 | Antifungal activity, Dzoyem et al.[81] |
Hypericaceae, Clusiceae or Guttiferae | Hypericum lanceolatum | Used to treat several ailments including malaria, skin infections, venereal diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, tumours, and infertility, epilepsies and nerves problems. | stem bark | 49, 50, 51 and 52 | Anti-malarial, Zofou et al.[62] |
 | Harungana madagascariensis | Effective in the treatment of jaundice, diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and constipation. Decoction of leaves is also used in liver problems and against anaemia. The roots and bark are used to treat malaria. | stem bark | 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 and 58 | Antiplasmodial, Lenta et al.[63] |
Hypericaceae, Clusiceae or Guttiferae | Garcinia Polyantha | The plant has some anti-malarial property. The yellow resinous sap (latex) is used to make a dressing for wounds. | root bark | 59 | This compound shows anti-malarial activity by strong chemosuppression of parasitic growth, Lannang et al.[64] |
 | Allanblackia gabonensis | Used against infections like dysentery, cold, and toothache. | stem bark | 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64 | Activity against Leishmania amazonensis and antimicrobial activities against a range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Azebaze et al.[82] |
 | Symphonia globulifera | Used to cure several diseases such as stomach and skin aches. It is also used as laxative for pregnant women and as a general tonic. The bark is used by traditional healers to treat malaria. | seed shells | 65, 66, 67 and 68 | Anti-malarial, antioxidant, Ngouela et al.[65] |
 | Psorospermum febrifugum | Plants of this genus are largely used in the African folk medicine as febrifugal, antidote against poison and purgative. They are also used as a remedy for the treatment of leprosy, skin diseases (such as dermatitis, scabies and eczemas) and subcutaneous wounds. | roots | 69 | Antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi), Tsaffack et al.[83] |
 | Pentadesma butyracea | Different parts of the plant are used in tropical African medicine to treat fever, coughs, constipation, bronchitis, and venereal diseases and viral infections. | fruit pericarp | 70 | Erythrocyte susceptibility, antiplasmodial, Lenta et al.[84] |
Ixonanthaceae | Irvingia gabonensis | The stem bark decoction is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, gastrointestinal or hepatic disorders, as a purgative, as well as a host of ailments. The decoction of the root barks is also used to treat diarrhoea and as mouth bath in the dental neuralgias. | stem bark | 49, 53, 71, 72, 73 and 74 | Antimicrobial. Compound 74 is particularly active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, confirming the ethnobotanical use of the plant in the treatment of the disease caused by this agent, Kuete et al.[85] |
stem bark | 53 | ||||
Hepatoprotective activity. This crude extract and isolated compound 53 might be useful for the prevention of toxic-induced and free radical-mediated liver diseases, since it has been suggested that compounds may be used as prophylactic agents, Donfack et al.[86] | |||||
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae | Millettia griffoniana | Crude extracts from root and stem bark are used to treat boils, insect bites, inflammatory affections like pneumonia and asthma, sterility, amenorrhea and menopausal disorders. | root bark | 75 and 76 | Estrogenic activity, Wanda et al.[45] |
 | Erythrina sigmoidea | Widely used in Cameroon to treat syphilis, wounds of ulcers and female sterility. | stem bark | 77, 78 and 79 | Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Kouam et al.[87–89] |
Meliaceae | Entandrophragma angolense | Used as an anti-malarial or antipyretic in traditional medicine. | stem bark | 80 and 81 | Antiplasmodial, Bickii et al.[67] |
 | Turraeanthus africanus | Treatment of typhoid fever. | seeds | 82 | Antisalmonellal activity against Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B, Djemgou et al.[90] |
 |  | The species of this genus have been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, stomach ache, rheumatism pains, and asthma. The stem bark is used in the treatment of intestinal worms. | seeds | 82 | Antimicrobial, Djemgou et al.[90] |
 |  | The trunk bark and seeds of this plant are boiled together with Carica papaya leaves, the seeds of Aframomum melegueta and lime and used for treatment of malaria and other fevers. | seeds | 83, 84 and 85 | Antiplasmodial activity, Ngemenya et al.[91] |
Leguminosae- Mimosoideae | Cylicodiscus gabunensis | Used to prepare remedies for infectious diseases and is known for its antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities. | stem bark | 86 | Exhibited antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Nchancho et al.[92] |
 | Albizia adianthifolia | Used traditionally to treat several ailments, including infectious and associated diseases. | stem bark | 24 | Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, Tamokou et al.[93] |
Monimiaceae | Glossocalyx brevipes | The macerated leaves are added to anti-fever preparations. | leaves | 87, 88 and 89 | Anti-malarial, Mbah et al.[66] |
Moraceae | Morus mesozygia | Roots, stem and leaves are used to treat syphilis, dermatitis, rheumatism, asthenias, fever and malaria. | stem bark | 90, 91 and 92 | Cytotoxic and anti-malarial, Zelefack et al.[68] |
 | Antiaris africana | Bark extracts are used for the treatment of chest pain, leaf decoctions for the treatment of syphilis, and the latex is a purgative agent. It is also used in the treatment of sore throat, leprosy and cancer. | stem bark | 93 | Antioxidant and anticancer, Kuete et al.[94] |
 | Treculia obovoidea | Traditionally used to treat skin diseases, dental allergy, amoebic dysentery and AIDS | twigs | 94 | Antimicrobial activity, Kuete et al.[95] |
Moraceae | Artocarpus communis | Treatment of cardiovascular diseases, used as food; other parts of the plants are traditionally used to treat headache, infectious and associated diseases such as toothache, eye problems, ear infections, herpes, enlarged spleen, sprains, contusions, swelling, chest pain and vomiting from heart problems, boils, abscess, and skin infections. | root | 95 and 96 | Antimicrobial activities, Kuete et al.[96] |
 | Dorstenia barteri | Used in the treatment of malaria. | twigs | 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 and 102 | Anti-malarial activity, Ngameni et al.[69] |
 | Ficus cordata | Used against hyperaesthesia, ataxia, muscle tremor, padding motions and jaundice, which could be a symptom of several related liver diseases. | stem bark | 11, 103, 104, 105 and 106 | Hepatoprotective and cytotoxic, Donfack et al.[97] |
Myristicaceae | Pycnanthus angolensis | Treatment of stomach pain, chest pain and rhinitis problems, malaria, toothache, fungal skin infections, chest pain, oral thrush, and worms; some further claim a folkloric use for the treatment of leprosy. | stem bark | 107, 108 and 109 | Antifungal activity, Wabo et al.[98] |
Olacaceae | Coula edulis | Treatment of stomach ache and skin diseases. | stem bark | 110 and 111 | Antidermatophytic activity against Microsporum audouinii and Epidermophyton floccoseum, Tamokou et al.[99] |
Sapotaceae | Baillonella Toxisperma | Treatment of abscesses, infertility, stomach troubles, convulsion, rheumatism and malaria. | stem bark | 49 and 112 | Activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Mbah et al.[70] |
Verbenaceae | Vitex cienkowskii | Used in the treatment of many disorders, including cardiovascular disease. | stem bark | 113 | Vasorelaxant, antioxidant and hypertensive effect, Dongmo et al.[100] |
Zingiberaceae | Aframomum zambesiacum | Used to treat fevers. | seeds | 114, 115 and 116 | Anti-malarial, Kenmogne et al.[71] |
 | Reneilmia cincinnata | Used to treat fevers and as a spice. | fruits | 117, 118 and 119 | Anti-malarial, Tchuendem et al.[72] |