Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory properties of long-term stored medicinal plants

Amoo, Stephen O; Aremu, Adeyemi O; Moyo, Mack; Van Staden, Johannes

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-87

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 1 Effect of long-term storage on the total iridoid, phenolic and flavonoid contents of 21 South African medicinal plants

From: Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory properties of long-term stored medicinal plants

Plant name	Family	Voucher number	Plant part(s)	Total iridoids (μg HE/g DW)		Total phenolics (mg GAE/g DW)		Total flavonoids (mg CE/g DW)
Plant name	Family	Voucher number	Plant part(s)	Stored	Fresh	Stored	Fresh	Stored	Fresh
Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd^δ	Apocynaceae	A. Aremu 1 NU	Roots	264.6 ± 4.82 **	134.5 ± 5.51	7.5 ± 0.37 *	9.3 ± 0.44	4.8 ± 0.12 *	5.4 ± 0.17
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd^#	Asteraceae	S. Amoo 15 NU	Aerial parts	356.9 ± 22.72 ns	341.7 ± 19.97	28.5 ± 1.15 ns	25.8 ± 0.03	18.3 ± 0.65 ns	16.7 ± 0.34
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd^δ	Asteraceae	S. Amoo 15 NU	Aerial parts	195.1 ± 63.35 ns	341.7 ± 19.97	34.7 ± 1.79 **	25.8 ± 0.03	19.7 ± 0.87 *	16.7 ± 0.34
Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam^#	Buddlejaceae	S. Amoo 16 NU	Leaves	60.8 ± 15.84 **	409.9 ± 13.77	9.0 ± 0.36 ***	20.0 ± 0.81	6.6 ± 0.28 ***	14.6 ± 0.32
Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam^#	Buddlejaceae	S. Amoo 16 NU	Twigs	111.1 ± 9.64 **	400.3 ± 27.54	8.3 ± 0.25 ***	11.1 ± 0.24	5.0 ± 0.25 *	5.9 ± 0.11
Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. F. ex Benth^#	Rutaceae	S. Amoo 18 NU	Leaves & Twigs	3019.6 ± 63.35 ns	3264.7 ± 96.40	31.3 ± 0.05 *	28.1 ± 0.99	11.7 ± 0.17 ***	7.6 ± 0.20
Cussonia spicata Thunb. ^#	Araliaceae	S. Amoo 09 NU	Leaves	82.8 ± 39.25 ns	38.8 ± 11.71	11.4 ± 0.16 **	7.6 ± 0.69	9.1 ± 0.53 ***	3.4 ± 0.27
Dombeya rotundifolia Hochst. ^#	Malvaceae	S. Amoo 11 NU	Leaves	7076.6 ± 177.64 **	9499.6 ± 117.75	45.3 ± 0.89 ns	47.3 ± 1.94	29.7 ± 3.05 ns	35.4 ± 0.87
Ekebergia capensis Sparrm^δ	Meliaceae	S. Amoo 23 NU	Leaves & Twigs	547.6 ± 22.03 ***	2221.5 ± 53.02	31.7 ± 1.29 ***	44.9 ± 0.78	22.8 ± 1.25 ns	26.0 ± 0.29
Leonotis intermedia Lindl.^δ	Lamiaceae	S. Amoo 08 NU	Leaves	56.0 ± 1.38 *	72.5 ± 2.75	15.1 ± 0.57 **	11.6 ± 0.23	12.1 ± 0.38 ***	6.8 ± 0.10
Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br.^δ	Lamiaceae	S. Amoo 12 NU	Leaves	51.8 ± 1.38 ns	171.0 ± 30.99	10.5 ± 0.22 ***	18.2 ± 0.76	6.6 ± 0.23 ***	10.3 ± 0.01
Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Septa^δ	Hyacinthaceae	S. Amoo 21 NU	Bulbs	64.2 ± 8.26 ns	207.5 ± 75.74	7.8 ± 0.29 **	9.8 ± 0.25	1.4 ± 0.09 ns	1.7 ± 0.37
Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Baill.^δ	Lauraceae	S. Amoo 13 NU	Bark	3060.9 ± 121.19 **	6112.6 ± 207.95	32.7 ± 0.82 **	46.4 ± 2.00	18.4 ± 0.62 ***	26.8 ± 0.50
Olea europaea L.^#	Oleaceae	S. Amoo 14 NU	Leaves	0 ns	283.2 ± 79.87	17.2 ± 0.41 *	18.7 ± 0.06	13.1 ± 0.31 ***	9.7 ± 0.28
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims^#	Pittosporaceae	S. Amoo 24 NU	Leaves & Twigs	63.6 ± 8.95 ns	194.4 ± 65.41	10.6 ± 0.20 ***	26.0 ± 0.91	5.3 ± 0.12 ***	15.6 ± 0.22
Plumbago auriculata Lam.^δ	Plumbaginaceae	S. Amoo 06 NU	Leaves	9.8 ± 7.57 **	521.4 ± 50.95	7.6 ± 0.66 ***	15.0 ± 0.46	1.3 ± 0.15 **	5.5 ± 0.64
Protorhus longifolia (Bernh.) Engl.^δ	Anacardiaceae	S. Amoo 19 NU	Leaves	1034.4 ± 47.51 **	7787.2 ± 290.57	51.8 ± 1.27 ***	114.4 ± 7.83	10.1 ± 0.65 ***	18.3 ± 0.10
Solanum mauritianum S cop.^δ	Solanaceae	S. Amoo 07 NU	Leaves	71.1 ± 6.89 *	14.0 ± 11.71	8.0 ± 0.11 ***	13.9 ± 0.24	2.0 ± 0.21 ns	1.5 ± 0.05
Spirostachys africana Sond.^#	Euphorbiaceae	S. Amoo 26 NU	Leaves & Twigs	553.8 ± 3.44 ns	527.6 ± 11.71	86.2 ± 1.91 **	69.1 ± 2.13	8.5 ± 0.09 ***	26.7 ± 0.57
Synadenium copulare (Boiss.) L.C. Wheeler^δ	Euphorbiaceae	S. Amoo 25 NU	Leaves	11.9 ± 11.02 ns	273.6 ± 71.61	8.5 ± 0.37 ***	15.2 ± 0.33	4.2 ± 0.15 ns	4.3 ± 0.15
Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd^δ	Lamiaceae	S. Amoo 20 NU	Leaves	46.3 ± 9.64 *	0	6.1 ± 0.20 ns	7.2 ± 0.38	2.7 ± 0.08 ***	1.5 ± 0.02
Trichilia dregeana Sond.^δ	Meliaceae	S. Amoo 22 NU	Leaves & Twigs	431.9 ± 16.53 ns	412.0 ± 50.27	34.4 ± 10.26 ns	32.6 ± 1.17	8.7 ± 0.61 ***	20.2 ± 0.19
Ziziphus mucronata Willd.^#	Rhamnaceae	S. Amoo 17 NU	Leaves	314.2 ± 37.87 ns	412.7 ± 22.03	23.6 ± 1.61 **	33.4 ± 0.62	7.1 ± 0.10 ***	9.0 ± 0.09
Ziziphus mucronata Willd.^δ	Rhamnaceae	S. Amoo 17 NU	Leaves	90.4 ± 1.38 **	412.7 ± 22.03	19.7 ± 0.42 ***	33.4 ± 0.62	6.9 ± 0.34 **	9.0 ± 0.09

ns = not significant; P = 0.05 (*); P = 0.01 (**); P = 0.001 (***).
HE = harpagoside equivalents; GAE = gallic acid equivalents; CE = catechin equivalents.
^δ = Voucher number of plant material stored for 16 years was as described by Jäger et al. (1996); ^# = Voucher number of plant material stored for 12 years was as described by McGaw et al. (2000).
Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta was formerly known as Scilla natalensis Planch.

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