Table 1 Effect of aqueous extract of burdock roots on mating behavior in male rats
From: Effect of aqueous extract of Arctium lappa L. (burdock) roots on the sexual behavior of male rats
Sexual- behavior parameters | Days of treatment | Mean frequency ± S.E.M. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Burdock extract 300 mg/kg | Burdock extract 600 mg/kg | Burdock extract 1,200 mg/kg | Viagra (60 mg/kg) | ||
IF | 3rd day | 10.6 ± 0.8 | 11.8 ± 1.4 | 12.0 ± 1.2 | 13.2 ± 0.9 | 15.00 ± 1.3* |
7th day | 11.4 ± 1.6 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 15.2 ± 1.1 | 16.2 ± 0.8* | 15.8 ± 1.6* | |
15th day | 10.8 ± 0.9 | 13.8 ± 1.4 | 15.0 ± 1.2* | 19.4 ± 0.9** | 21.6 ± 1.8** | |
MF | 3rd day | 13.6 ± 0.9 | 14.6 ± 2.5 | 15.4 ± 1.3 | 17.0 ± 1.4 | 19.8 ± 1.9* |
7th day | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 17.6 ± 1.5 | 19.4 ± 2.1* | 21.2 ± 2.5* | 20.2 ± 2.0* | |
15th day | 12.8 ± 1.1 | 16.6 ± 1.5 | 22.4 ± 1.6** | 27.2 ± 2.0** | 30.6 ± 2.4** | |
IL | 3rd day | 119.2 ± 9.3 | 117.8 ± 11.4 | 115.6 ± 8.7 | 105.0 ± 10.4 | 89.4 ± 5.9* |
7th day | 117.6 ± 7.5 | 104.0 ± 9.0 | 89.2 ± 5.1** | 78.0 ± 4.5** | 64.6 ± 7.1** | |
15th day | 108.6 ± 11.9 | 89.8 ± 8.0 | 78.4 ± 3.7** | 59.0 ± 5.0** | 55.4 ± 4.6** | |
ML | 3rd day | 107.0 ± 5.5 | 96.4 ± 6.4 | 93.6 ± 5.2 | 90.2 ± 7.4 | 72.0 ± 5.7** |
7th day | 100.2 ± 4.9 | 84.2 ± 3.9 | 74.2 ± 9.1** | 60.4 ± 4.3** | 58.6 ± 4.2** | |
15th day | 94.0 ± 9.6 | 77.6 ± 8.6 | 63.6 ± 2.7** | 48.2 ± 3.1** | 44.4 ± 2.8** | |
EF | 3rd day | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.5 |
7th day | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | |
15th day | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.5* | 3.6 ± 0.6* | 3.8 ± 0.4** | |
EL | 3rd day | 213.1 ± 15.1 | 215.9 ± 16.8 | 221.6 ± 25.0 | 231.2 ± 19.4 | 250.3 ± 13.8 |
7th day | 220.3 ± 13.3 | 251.2 ± 15.1 | 262.3 ± 23.9 | 281.3 ± 20.5* | 284.8 ± 24.7* | |
15th day | 211.1 ± 13.4 | 260.3 ± 19.8 | 294.3 ± 29.7** | 329.2 ± 12.4** | 335.8 ± 17.7** | |
PEI | 3rd day | 414.8 ± 26.2 | 399.4 ± 28.1 | 416.5 ± 20.5 | 410.5 ± 30.3 | 353.8 ± 16.7 |
7th day | 439.6 ± 23.5 | 386.6 ± 32.3 | 347.9 ± 26.6* | 327.4 ± 23.4** | 332.5 ± 21.1** | |
15th day | 426.6 ± 39. 3 | 345.9 ± 28.5* | 297.8 ± 17.4** | 268.3 ± 21.9** | 258.5 ± 19.4** | |